Hematology Flashcards
This condition is more common in toddlers & adolescence due to constant growth; presents as fatigue, pallor, irritability, tachycardia, & enlarged heart?
Iron deficiency anemia
This condition’s labs values will show low MCV, basophilic stippling (little dots on RBC) on peripheral smear, & the treatment is Succimer for 19 days?
lead poisoning
This condition presents with painful, acute vaso-occlusive episodes; Its dx via hemoglobin electrophoresis, and requires penicillin prophylaxis until age 5?
sickle cell
This condition is due to an x-linked gene and effects males; the treatment is prevention of food and drugs that cause hemolysis?
G6PD
A patient who presents with an infection, but its found that they have easy bruising and bleeding. Labs show pancytopenia, what is this DX?
aplastic anemia
Thrombocytopenia is a platelet count lower than what?
<150,000
What is thrombocytopenia?
deficiency of platelets in the blood
This is found in children 1-4 weeks after a viral infection; they present with abrupt onset of petechia & epistaxis; labs show sever thrombocytopenia
idiopathic immune thrombocytopenia purpura
This is a platelet consumption problem that presents with jaundice, & renal disease & labs will show Shystocytes and RBC destruction?
thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
This is a congenital disorder that presents with orthopedic abnormalities in the upper extremities & requires a platelet transfusion?
thrombocytopenia with absent radii syndrome
What are the four platelet d/o I need to know?
- ITP (idiopathic immune thrombocytopenia purpura) - abrupt onset petechia & epistaxis
- NATP (neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia purpura): mothers platelets attach fetus; TX is c-section
- TTP (thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura): congenital platelet consumption problem; Jaundice
- TAR (thrombocytopenia with absent radii syndrome): congenital; upper extremity abnormalities
This is a congenital clotting d/o, most common in Caucasian, presents with epistaxis, menorrhagia, gingival bleeding, and GI bleeding?
von Willebrand disease
Treatment for this clotting condition is DDAVP & aminocaproic acid
von Willebrand disease
This is a factor 8 clotting deficiency, common in males, and presents as large bruises and bleeding during circumcision?
Hemophillia A
This is a factor 9 clotting deficiency that is indistinguishable from factor 8 deficiency but is treated by replacing factor 9?
hemophilia B
What are the 2nd most common types of cancer in children?
brain and CNX tumors
What are the 3rd most common cancers in children?
sarcomas or bone & soft tissue
What are the most common types of cancers in children?
hematopoietic cancers: leukemia & lymphoma
What is the #1 most prevalent & most common type of cancer in children
leukemia
What are the 2 vaccinations that can lower the risk of primary malignancy in children?
- Hepatitis B lowers hepatocellular carcinoma
- HPV decrease risk of cervical, vaginal, vulvar carcinoma
This type of cancer is rare & has a similar presentation to ALL, but the cure rate is very low?
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
This is the most common childhood cancer; begins in B or T cells; Presents in mainly male children 2-5y/o as lethargy, malaise, bleeding, bruising & bone or joint pain?
Acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL)
Why does ALL cause bone and joint pain?
Because abnormal WBC are present and crowd the spaces inside the bone and joint spaces
This cancer presents in males >5y/o with painless, firm lymphadenopathy in the cervical and supraclavicular region; can cause SOB?
Hodgkin lymphoma
In what cancer will Reed Sternberg cells be present?
Hodgkin lymphoma
This cancer is from neural crest cells; is the most common solid tumor in young children; presents at 20 months of age as a hard, smooth, non-tender flank mass?
neuroblastoma
This cancer is from precursor cells of the kidney and presents with abdominal mass, fever, & HTN?
willms tumor
This is the 2nd most common bone tumor in children; 10-20y/o in any bone; Presents with local px and swelling, fever, WL?
ewing sarcoma
This is the most common malignant bone tumor in children; ages 12-25; 90% are in metaphysis (like shoulder); present with PX and palpable mass and swelling?
Osteosarcoma
This is the most common soft tissue tumor/cancer in kids; 2-6y/o; present with quick growing mass on body, can cause px; DX is tissue biopsy, see small, round, blue cell tumors?
Rhabdomyosarcoma
