Hematology

Question 1

This condition is more common in toddlers & adolescence due to constant growth; presents as fatigue, pallor, irritability, tachycardia, & enlarged heart?

Answer 1

Iron deficiency anemia

Question 2

This condition’s labs values will show low MCV, basophilic stippling (little dots on RBC) on peripheral smear, & the treatment is Succimer for 19 days?

Answer 2

lead poisoning

Question 3

This condition presents with painful, acute vaso-occlusive episodes; Its dx via hemoglobin electrophoresis, and requires penicillin prophylaxis until age 5?

Answer 3

sickle cell

Question 4

This condition is due to an x-linked gene and effects males; the treatment is prevention of food and drugs that cause hemolysis?

Answer 4

G6PD

Question 5

A patient who presents with an infection, but its found that they have easy bruising and bleeding. Labs show pancytopenia, what is this DX?

Answer 5

aplastic anemia

Question 6

Thrombocytopenia is a platelet count lower than what?

Answer 6

<150,000

Question 7

What is thrombocytopenia?

Answer 7

deficiency of platelets in the blood

Question 8

This is found in children 1-4 weeks after a viral infection; they present with abrupt onset of petechia & epistaxis; labs show sever thrombocytopenia

Answer 8

idiopathic immune thrombocytopenia purpura

Question 9

This is a platelet consumption problem that presents with jaundice, & renal disease & labs will show Shystocytes and RBC destruction?

Answer 9

thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Question 10

This is a congenital disorder that presents with orthopedic abnormalities in the upper extremities & requires a platelet transfusion?

Answer 10

thrombocytopenia with absent radii syndrome

Question 11

What are the four platelet d/o I need to know?

Answer 11

1. ITP (idiopathic immune thrombocytopenia purpura) - abrupt onset petechia & epistaxis
2. NATP (neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia purpura): mothers platelets attach fetus; TX is c-section
3. TTP (thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura): congenital platelet consumption problem; Jaundice
4. TAR (thrombocytopenia with absent radii syndrome): congenital; upper extremity abnormalities

Question 12

This is a congenital clotting d/o, most common in Caucasian, presents with epistaxis, menorrhagia, gingival bleeding, and GI bleeding?

Answer 12

von Willebrand disease

Question 13

Treatment for this clotting condition is DDAVP & aminocaproic acid

Answer 13

von Willebrand disease

Question 14

This is a factor 8 clotting deficiency, common in males, and presents as large bruises and bleeding during circumcision?

Answer 14

Hemophillia A

Question 15

This is a factor 9 clotting deficiency that is indistinguishable from factor 8 deficiency but is treated by replacing factor 9?

Answer 15

hemophilia B

Question 16

What are the 2nd most common types of cancer in children?

Answer 16

brain and CNX tumors

Question 17

What are the 3rd most common cancers in children?

Answer 17

sarcomas or bone & soft tissue

Question 18

What are the most common types of cancers in children?

Answer 18

hematopoietic cancers: leukemia & lymphoma

Question 19

What is the #1 most prevalent & most common type of cancer in children

Answer 19

leukemia

Question 20

What are the 2 vaccinations that can lower the risk of primary malignancy in children?

Answer 20

1. Hepatitis B lowers hepatocellular carcinoma
2. HPV decrease risk of cervical, vaginal, vulvar carcinoma

Question 21

This type of cancer is rare & has a similar presentation to ALL, but the cure rate is very low?

Answer 21

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)

Question 22

This is the most common childhood cancer; begins in B or T cells; Presents in mainly male children 2-5y/o as lethargy, malaise, bleeding, bruising & bone or joint pain?

Answer 22

Acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL)

Question 23

Why does ALL cause bone and joint pain?

Answer 23

Because abnormal WBC are present and crowd the spaces inside the bone and joint spaces

Question 24

This cancer presents in males >5y/o with painless, firm lymphadenopathy in the cervical and supraclavicular region; can cause SOB?

Answer 24

Hodgkin lymphoma

Question 25

In what cancer will Reed Sternberg cells be present?

Answer 25

Hodgkin lymphoma

Question 26

This cancer is from neural crest cells; is the most common solid tumor in young children; presents at 20 months of age as a hard, smooth, non-tender flank mass?

Answer 26

neuroblastoma

Question 27

This cancer is from precursor cells of the kidney and presents with abdominal mass, fever, & HTN?

Answer 27

willms tumor

Question 28

This is the 2nd most common bone tumor in children; 10-20y/o in any bone; Presents with local px and swelling, fever, WL?

Answer 28

ewing sarcoma

Question 29

This is the most common malignant bone tumor in children; ages 12-25; 90% are in metaphysis (like shoulder); present with PX and palpable mass and swelling?

Answer 29

Osteosarcoma

Question 30

This is the most common soft tissue tumor/cancer in kids; 2-6y/o; present with quick growing mass on body, can cause px; DX is tissue biopsy, see small, round, blue cell tumors?

Answer 30

Rhabdomyosarcoma