Cardiology Flashcards
This heart sound is heard best at the LLSB, can be split, and is the sound of the mitral and tricuspid valves closing?
S1
This heart sound is the closure of the pulmonary and aortic valves, will be spit on inspiration and a single sound on inhilation?
S2
This heart sound is heard in diastole, is related to ventricular filling, and is normal in children?
S3
This sound is heard in late diastole, indicates decreased ventricular compliance, and is always abnormal?
S4
This term refers to how easily the chambers of the heart stretch & fill with blood?
compliance
Innocent murmurs: still or vibratory murmurs and venous hum murmurs are heard in children of what age range?
3-6y/o
This innocent murmur is a systolic ejection murmur with a vibratory or musical quality that decreases in intensity when the child is sitting up?
vibratory or still’s murmur
This innocent murmur is continuous, is louder when the child is upright, changes with compression of jugular vein or head turning, and is heard more on the right infraclavicular region?
venous hum
This innocent murmur is a systolic ejection murmur heard over the neck or carotid artery?
carotid bruit
This innocent murmur is heard best in the left upper sternal border, is usually softer when the child is upright and doesn’t radiate to the back?
Adolescent ejection murmur
An Adolescent ejection murmur is heard between what ages?
8-14y/o
This systolic ejection murmur is harsh, & short, with a high frequency, and is best heard at the axilla and back?
NL peripheral pulmonary stenosis murmur
NL peripheral pulmonary stenosis murmur are heard at what age?
newborns
What type of murmurs are crescendo decrescendo with a short time between S1 and the murmur?
systolic ejection murmurs
What murmur type begins at the onset of S1 and is heard with VSD or regurgitation of the mitral and tricuspid valve?
holosystolic murmur
These murmurs are far less common and can be described as early, mid, or late?
diastolic murmurs
Name that congenital heart disorder: usually asymptomatic; can have soft systolic ejection murmur; No tx needed unless still present at 3y/o, then surgery via closure device in the cath lab?
atrial septal defect
name that congenital heart defect: most common type; presents with high frequency, loud murmur, pansystolic murmur; most close on their own?
ventricular septal defect
Name that congenital heart defect: Widened pulse pressure; Machine like murmur; initial TX is diuretics but will require closure via coil embolization?
patent ductus arteriosus
Name that congenital heart defect: infants present with different O2 sat in right arm and leg; femoral pulses are weaker; poor feeding, respiratory distress, and shock
Older kids present with leg discomfort, & hypertension in upper limbs?
coarctation of the aorta
What is coarctation of the aorta?
genetic/anatomical narrowing of the aorta present from birth
TX IV prostaglandin E1 (chemically opens the ductus arteriosus), inotropic agents, diuretics are treatments for what congenital heart defect?
coarctation of the aorta
What are the four conditions of the Tetralogy of Fallot?
ventricular septal defect
pulmonary stenosis
overriding aorta
right ventricular hypertrophy
What are the four presenting sx that accompany chest pain that are red flags in children?
CPX with syncope
CPX with exertion
CPX with palpations
or acute onset CPX with fever
The etiology of this condition is described as sporadic or inherited autosomal dominant condition marked by Diastolic dysfunction (impaired ventricular filling)
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
What is an intrinsic disease of the heart muscle; can be classified as dilated, hypertrophic, or restricted
cardiomyopathy
This condition can be difficult to dx; infants present with sings of HF; Older children present with sudden death or Dyspnea, fatigue, chest pain, syncope or near-syncope, and palpitations?
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
TX for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
calcium channel blockers or beta blockers
Infants presenting with poor feeding, failure to thrive, tachypnea, and diaphoresis with feeding should be suspected to have ___?
heart failure
Children presenting with shortness of breath, easy fatigability, and edema should be suspected to have ___?
HF
What are the four cardiac defects associated with trisomy 21?
Endocardial cushion defect, VSD, ASD, PDA
What are the three conditions associated with Turner’s syndrome?
Coarctation of aorta, aortic stenosis, bicuspid aortic valve (2 instead of 3)
This condition is defined as a whole between the atria?
Atrial septal defect
This condition is a whole in the heart between the ventricles of the heart?
VSD
This non-cardiac cause of chest pain is described as a sharp knife pain?
Costochondritis
What is the most common presenting sx of cardia syncope?
passing out with exertion
