hematology Flashcards by Dianne Khrescell

study of formed (cellular) elements of blood

hematology

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cellular elements, rbc, wbc, platelets

hematology section

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most common body fluid analyzed in hema section

whole blood

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mixture of cells and plasma

whole blood

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body’s main fluid for transporting nutrients, waste products, gases, hormones through circulatory system

blood

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average blood volume for adults:

5-6 L

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liquid portion of anticoagulated blood

contains fibrinogen

plasma

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55% of total blood volume
clear, straw-colored fluid about 91% water & 9% dissolved substances

plasma

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liquid portion of coagulated blood

serum

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anuclear biconcave disks approximately 7.2 microns in diameter

erythrocytes (RBC)

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lifespan of rbc

120 days

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contain protein hemoglobin to transport O2 and CO2

erythrocyte (RBC)

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provide immunity to certain diseases by producing antibodies
destroy harmful pathogens by phagocytosis

leukocyte (WBC)

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normal number of WBC:

4,500-11,000 per microliter of blood

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it determines the percent of each type of leuckocyte in blood

differential count

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most numerous/abundant leukocyte

neutrophils

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percent of neutrophils in blood

40-60%

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WBC that provide natural immunity against infection through phagocytosis

neutrophils

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WBC that increases in bacterial infection

neutrophils

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“segmented” / “polymorphonuclear cells”

3-5 lobes of nucleus

neutrophils

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second most numerous/abundant WBC

leukocyte

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immune capbility by means of B & T cells

lymphocytes

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lymphocyte that gives humoral immunity
(antibodies)

B lympocyte/cell

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lymphocyte that do seeach and destroy of infections

T lymphocyte/ cell

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increases in viral infections | measles, dengue, common cold

lymphocytes

largest(size) circulating leukocyte

monocytes

WBC that acts as powerful phagocytes to digest foreign material

monocytes

cytoplasm has fine blue-gray w/ vacuoles & large, irreg nucleus | appearance:

monocyte

tissue monocyte known as

macrophage

normal leukocyte percentage in blood

3-8%

red-orange granules, 2 lobes | appearance:

eosinophils

normal percent of eosinophils in blood

1-3%

- WBC that detoxify foreign proteins - increase in allergies, skin & parasitic infections,

eosinophils

least common WBC

basophils

normal percent of basophils in blood

0-1%

cytoplasm contains large granules that stain purple-black | appearance:

basophils

release histamine in inflammation process & heparin to prevent abnormal blood clotting

basophils

small, irreg shaped disks formed from cytoplasm of very large cells in bone marrow

thrombocytes (platelets)

- very large cells in bone marrow - immature version of platelets - fragements of platelets

megakaryocytes

lifespan of platelets

9-12 days

average number of platelets:

140,000 & 440,000 per microliter of blood

plays vital role in blood clotting in all stages of coagulation mechanism

platelets

primary analysis performed in hema section

complete blood count (CBC)

% of different types of WBC & evaluates RBC & platelet morphology

differential

volume of RBC packed by centrifugation (%)

hematocrit

O2 carrying capacity of RBC

hemoglobin

size of RBC and amount of hemoglobin

indices

amount of hemoglobin in RBC

mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)

weight of hemoglobin in RBC and compare w/ size of cell (%)

mean corpuscular hemmoglobin concentration (MCHC)

size of RBC

mean corpuscular volume (MCV)

number of platelets in circulating blood

platelet count

number of RBC in circulating blood

RBC count

differences in size of RBC (%)

red cell distribution width (RDW)

number of WBC circulating in blood

WBC count

number & type of cells in various body fluids

body fluid analysis

number & type of cells in bone marrow

bone marrow

rate or RBC sedimentation (nonspecific test for inflammatory disorders0

erythrocyte sedimentaion rate (ESR)

evaluates bone marrow production of RBC

reticulocyte (retic) count

screening tests fro Hgb S( sickle cell anemia)

sickle count

type of leukemia/ other cellular disorders

special stains

specimen tube used in coagulation section

light blue (sodium citrate)

intrinsic system of coag cascade & monnitors heparin therapy

activated partial thrombolastin time (APTT [PTT])

screening test for increased clotting tendencies

antithrombin III

monitors unfractioned heparin therapy

anti-xa heparin assay

evaluate venous thrombosis

protein C & S

function of platelets

bleeding time (BT)

measure abnormal blood clotting & fibrinolysis

d-dimer

detect factor deficiencies that prolong coag

factor assays

test for increased fibrinolysis (STAT) in special tube

fibrin degradation products (FDP)

amount of fibrinogen in plasma

fibrinogen

function of platelets

platelet aggregation

extrinsic system of coag cascade & monitors coumadin therapy

prothrombin time (PT) & international normalized rate (INR)

adequate fibrinogen is present for normal coag

needed for microscopic exam of blood cells that is performed for defferential blood count, for special staining procedures, nonautomated reticulocyte counts