Hematology

Question 1

“Father of Hematology”

Answer 1

William Hewson (1770-1773)

Question 2

He discovered the role of bone marrow in
HEMATOPOIESIS.

Answer 2

FECN
Franz Ernst Christian Neumann (1868)

Question 3

developed the WRIGHT STAIN and the refinements

Answer 3

James Homer Wright (1902)

Question 4

-refinements
-foundation of blood cell identification.

Answer 4

Wright’s Romanowsky-type stain

Question 5

first to perform a BLOOD COUNT in 1852.

Answer 5

Karl Vierordt

Question 6

method of karl verordt

Answer 6

drawing blood into a capillary tube
spreading collected blood onto a slide
microscopic analysis.

Question 7

provided an RBC count without the need for manual counting of individual cells.

Answer 7

George Oliver

Question 8

method of george oliver was based on

Answer 8

visual measurement of light loss by scattering and absorption in a test tube filled with diluted blood.

Question 9

Utilized a PHOTODETECTOR for the measurement of light absorption instead of relying on unaided eyes.

Answer 9

Mercandier et al

Question 10

Developed cell counting by IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENT.

Answer 10

Wallace Coulter

Question 11

This method was based on the fact that cells are poor electrical conductors and that they manifest electrical resistance as they pass through a small aperture.

Answer 11

impedance measurement

Question 12

blood components

Answer 12

plasma and platelets
buffy coat/white blood cells
erythrocytes/red blood cells

Question 13

percentage of plasma

Answer 13

55

Question 14

percentage of buffy coat

Answer 14

<1

Question 15

percentage of erythrocytes

Answer 15

45

Question 16

preparation of plasma

Answer 16

NOT allowed to clot prior to separation from cells

used for collection is anticoagulated

Question 17

preparation of serum

Answer 17

allowed to clot before separation from the clot

used for collection is NOT anticoagulated

Question 18

plasma appearance after separation

Answer 18

Pale yellow fluid separated from the blood cells via centrifugation

Question 19

serum Appearance after
separation

Answer 19

Yellow fluid separated from the blood clot via centrifugation

Question 20

plasma clotting factor

Answer 20

Presence of fibrinogen (Factor I)
Presence of all clotting factors

Question 21

serum clotting factor

Answer 21

Absence of fibrinogen (Factor I)
Absence of Factor V, VIII, XIII, II

Question 22

components of plasma

Answer 22

-mostly water
-proteins (albumin)
-electrolytes
-dissolved gases (o2, co2)

Question 23

components of buffy coat

Answer 23

platelets
leukocytes
monocytes
lymphocytes
eosinophil
basophil
neutrophil

Question 24

biconcave disc-shaped cells that are anucleated

Answer 24

red blood cells

Question 25

pigment that gives whole blood its red color

Answer 25

hemoglobin (oxygen-carrying)

Question 26

responsible for physiological gas exchange, specifically transporting oxygen from the lungs

Answer 26

rbc

Question 27

White Blood Cell granulocytes

Answer 27

neutrophils eosinophils basophils

Question 28

White Blood Cells: agranculocytes

Answer 28

monocytes lymphocytes

Question 29

* Nucleus has 2-5 lobes * Cytoplasm has fine, pale lilac granules with NEUTRAL affinity for stains * Phagocytic; respond to bacterial infection * 50-70% of total WBC population

Answer 29

Neutrophils

Question 30

* Nucleus usually has 2 lobes connected by thick chromatin strand * Cytoplasm contains large, red-orange granules with affinity for ACIDIC * Responds to parasitic & helminthic infection and allergy * Also characterized to have phagocytic activity * Comprises 1-3% of the total WBC population

Answer 30

Eosinophils

Question 31

* Nucleus has 2 lobes; often covered by large granules * Cytoplasm contains water soluble blue-black granules with affinity for BASIC stains * Involved in allergic and hypersensitivity reactions * 0-2% of total WBC population

Answer 31

Basophils

Question 32

* Nucleus is HORSESHOE or KIDNEY-SHAPED often with brain-like convolutions * Cytoplasm is BLUE-GRAY colored and foamy and has very fine azurophilic granules responsible for the characteristic “GROUND GLASS” appearance * converted to macrophages * Macrophages are potent phagocytes which defend the body against Mycobacterium species and other bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses * 2-11% of total WBC population

Answer 32

Monocyte

Question 33

* ROUND OR SLIGHTLY IDENTIFIEC NUCLES that occupies majority of the cell area * Scanty cytoplasm with a characteristic “ROBIN' EGG BLUE COLORATION” * IMMUNOCYTES * Predominant WBC that responds to several viral infections * 18-42% of total WBC population

Answer 33

lymphocyte

Question 34

cell fragments that play significant roles in HEMOSTASIS. contain many vesicles but have no nucleus. clump together and form clots to stop bleeding

Answer 34

Platelets

Question 35

commonly performed blood test that is often included as part of a routine checkup.

Answer 35

Complete Blood Count or CBC

Question 36

CBC can be used to

Answer 36

help in the detection of a variety of disorders including infections, anemia, diseases of the immune system, and blood cancers.

Question 37

primarily used for the diagnosis of anemia

Answer 37

Hemoglobin determination

Question 38

condition in which the number of red blood cells or their oxygen-carrying pigment hemoglobin is insufficient to meet physiologic needs.

Answer 38

anemia

Question 39

hemoglobin level in women

Answer 39

less than 12.0 g/dL

Question 40

hemoglobin level in men

Answer 40

less than 13.0 d/dL

Question 41

It is also known as Packed Cell Volume (PCV) or Erythrocyte Volume Fraction (EVF), is the volume percentage of RBCs in a whole blood sample.

Answer 41

Hematocrit determination

Question 42

count is often seen in infections, allergy, and leukemic states.

Answer 42

Leukocytosis/ High WBC

Question 43

observed in cases of viral infections that temporarily disrupt bone marrow, autoimmune disorders, and immunodeficiency.

Answer 43

Leukopenia/ Low WBC count,

Question 44

It is the quantification of thrombocytes of the blood samples.

Answer 44

Platelet Count

Question 45

routine procedure that involves observing a total of 100 WBCs and simultaneously classifying them as either neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils.

Answer 45

WBC Differential Count

Question 46

increased in bacterial infection

Answer 46

neutrophil

Question 47

increased in viral enfections

Answer 47

lmyphocytes

Question 48

increased in TB, syphilis, malignancies

Answer 48

monocytes

Question 49

increased in allergies, pasties

Answer 49

Eosinophil

Question 50

incrased in immediate hypersensitivity

Answer 50

basophil

Question 51

It involves microscopic observation of the size and shape of the red blood cell population of the sample.

Answer 51

RBC morphology examination

Question 52

It aids in morphological classification of anemia. MCV, MCH, and MCHC are commonly reported indices.

Answer 52

RBC indices