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Med surg 2 > Hematological Focus > Flashcards

Hematological Focus Flashcards

1
Q

What does the white pulp do in the spleen

A

storage of white blood cells and antibody production

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2
Q

what does the red pulp do in the spleen

A

storage of RBCs and platelet

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3
Q

what is the spleen function

A

regulates RBCs production, destroys old/imperfect RBCs, filters out bacteria

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4
Q

what does the liver store

A

stores extra whole blood cells and ferritin

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5
Q

what vitamin does the liver also produce

A

vitamin K

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6
Q

what do platelets do

A

sticks to injury site and form clot

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7
Q

How is hemostasis balanced

A

with anticoagulants

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8
Q

what does the coombs test detect

A

antibodies that act against hemoglobin

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9
Q

what are some ss of sickle cell

A

pain and joint swelling + anemia ss: fatigue, weakness, pallor, SOB, increased HR, cold hands and feet

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10
Q

what does SICKLE stand for

A

significant blood loss, illness/injury, climbing to high places, keeping continued stress, low fluid intake, extreme temp changes

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11
Q

what is aplastic anemia

A

bone marrow cant keep up with RBC production

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12
Q

what are some preventative measures for sickle cell

A

vaccines, dont go to high altitudes, prevent infection, dont smoke, decrease stress, avoid overexcertion

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13
Q

what does the hemoglobin electrophoresis test

A

different types of hemoglobin

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14
Q

what does the medication Hydroxyurea treat

A

sickle cell and some cancers

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15
Q

how does hydroxyurea work and what does it help with

A

creates fetal hemoglobin and decreases WBC, so less sickling, decreased need for blood transfusions, helps anemia,

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16
Q

where is most of the bodys iron found

A

70% in hemoglobin

17
Q

what does LOW IRON stand for

A

lethargy, overexerted easily, weird food cravings/white face, inflamed tongue/increased HR, reduced hemoglobin, observable RBC changes, nail changes (spoon-shaped)

18
Q

what lab test evaluate iron levels

A

CBC, iron, blood smear

19
Q

what could be some causes for iron defecient anemia

A

poor intake, absorption problems (celiac disease, short gut syndrome, cycstic fibrosis), losing iron because of bleeding

20
Q

what are some ss of pernicious anemia

A

anemia symptoms: fatigue, pale, + red swollen tongue, confusion, depression, loss of appetite, unsteady gate, SOB with activity

21
Q

what is the treatment for thrombocytopenia

A

platelet transfusion, splenectomy, anticoagulants

22
Q

what is hemophilia

A

blood not clotting properly -> excess bleeding after an injury

23
Q

what is the treatment for DIC

A

Supportive care, fluids, blood transfusions

24
Q

what is factor V leiden

A

mutation of factor V cause and increase in clots

25
Q

what is the treatment for factor V ledien

A

infusion of FFP, blood, and platelets

26
Q

what is von willenbrand disease

A

bleeding disorder caused by decrease clotting

27
Q

what is desmopressin used for treatment in

A

von willenbrand disease

28
Q

what are some ss of nonhodgkins/ hodgkins lymphoma

A

large painless lymph nodes, fever, drenching night sweats, unplanned weight loss, some have none at time of diagnosis

29
Q

what is the treatment of non-hodgkins/ hodgkins lymphoma

A

external radiation of lymph node areas,
for more extensive: radiation + chemo, or CART-therapy

30
Q

what are is the treatment multiple myeloma

A

watchful waiting, proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulating drugs, HSCT

31
Q

what are the risk factors for leukemia

A

ionizing radiation, viral infection, exposure to chemicals and drugs

32
Q

what is normal INR

A

0.75-1.25

33
Q

what is the therapeutic INR range for warfarin

A

2-3

34
Q

what is warfarins antidote

A

vitamin K

35
Q

how does heparin work

A

activates antithrombin which inactivates thrombin and factor xa -> stopping fibrin

36
Q

what is heparins antidote

A

protamine

Med surg 2 (12 decks)

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