Hematological Focus Flashcards
What does the white pulp do in the spleen
storage of white blood cells and antibody production
what does the red pulp do in the spleen
storage of RBCs and platelet
what is the spleen function
regulates RBCs production, destroys old/imperfect RBCs, filters out bacteria
what does the liver store
stores extra whole blood cells and ferritin
what vitamin does the liver also produce
vitamin K
what do platelets do
sticks to injury site and form clot
How is hemostasis balanced
with anticoagulants
what does the coombs test detect
antibodies that act against hemoglobin
what are some ss of sickle cell
pain and joint swelling + anemia ss: fatigue, weakness, pallor, SOB, increased HR, cold hands and feet
what does SICKLE stand for
significant blood loss, illness/injury, climbing to high places, keeping continued stress, low fluid intake, extreme temp changes
what is aplastic anemia
bone marrow cant keep up with RBC production
what are some preventative measures for sickle cell
vaccines, dont go to high altitudes, prevent infection, dont smoke, decrease stress, avoid overexcertion
what does the hemoglobin electrophoresis test
different types of hemoglobin
what does the medication Hydroxyurea treat
sickle cell and some cancers
how does hydroxyurea work and what does it help with
creates fetal hemoglobin and decreases WBC, so less sickling, decreased need for blood transfusions, helps anemia,
where is most of the bodys iron found
70% in hemoglobin
what does LOW IRON stand for
lethargy, overexerted easily, weird food cravings/white face, inflamed tongue/increased HR, reduced hemoglobin, observable RBC changes, nail changes (spoon-shaped)
what lab test evaluate iron levels
CBC, iron, blood smear
what could be some causes for iron defecient anemia
poor intake, absorption problems (celiac disease, short gut syndrome, cycstic fibrosis), losing iron because of bleeding
what are some ss of pernicious anemia
anemia symptoms: fatigue, pale, + red swollen tongue, confusion, depression, loss of appetite, unsteady gate, SOB with activity
what is the treatment for thrombocytopenia
platelet transfusion, splenectomy, anticoagulants
what is hemophilia
blood not clotting properly -> excess bleeding after an injury
what is the treatment for DIC
Supportive care, fluids, blood transfusions
what is factor V leiden
mutation of factor V cause and increase in clots
what is the treatment for factor V ledien
infusion of FFP, blood, and platelets
what is von willenbrand disease
bleeding disorder caused by decrease clotting
what is desmopressin used for treatment in
von willenbrand disease
what are some ss of nonhodgkins/ hodgkins lymphoma
large painless lymph nodes, fever, drenching night sweats, unplanned weight loss, some have none at time of diagnosis
what is the treatment of non-hodgkins/ hodgkins lymphoma
external radiation of lymph node areas,
for more extensive: radiation + chemo, or CART-therapy
what are is the treatment multiple myeloma
watchful waiting, proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulating drugs, HSCT
what are the risk factors for leukemia
ionizing radiation, viral infection, exposure to chemicals and drugs
what is normal INR
0.75-1.25
what is the therapeutic INR range for warfarin
2-3
what is warfarins antidote
vitamin K
how does heparin work
activates antithrombin which inactivates thrombin and factor xa -> stopping fibrin
what is heparins antidote
protamine
