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medical surgucal > Hematologic Problems > Flashcards

Hematologic Problems Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

spongy center of the bones where the red blood cells and platelets are made.

A

bone marrow

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2
Q

manufactures clotting factors

A

liver

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3
Q

makes the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide possible

A

hemoglobin

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4
Q

activate the blood clotting system

A

platelet

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5
Q

carries red blood cells, platelets and clotting factors through the circulatory system

A

plasma

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5
Q

site of active cell formation; major blood producing organ

A

red marrow

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5
Q

differentiate into mature blood cells

A

stem cells

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5
Q

composed mainly of fats

A

yellow marrow

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6
Q

percentage of total blood volume composed of mature blood cells

A

blood cells

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7
Q

major cellular element of circulating blood

A

erythrocytes

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8
Q

the white blood cells

A

leukocytes

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9
Q

liquid portion of whole blood remaining after blood cells are removed

A

plasma

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10
Q

largest of the plasma protein

A

albumin

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11
Q

high molecular weight protein that is important in blood clotting

A

fibrinogen

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12
Q

carry oxygen from your lungs to organs throughout your body

A

red blood cells

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12
Q

the bodies process of producing all types of blood cells, body continuously makes new blood to replace old ones

A

hematopoiesis

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12
Q

Hematopoiesis ensures, what three things

A

healthy supply oxygen to our tissue, fight infection, clot our blood when we are injured

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12
Q

sticky cell fragments that clump together to form a clot if you got injured.

A

platelets

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13
Q

the production of white blood cells is called

A

leukopoiesis

13
Q

the production of red blood cells is called

A

erythropoiesis

13
Q

Fight infection and protect our body from harmful invaders or germs

A

white blood cells

13
Q

the production of platelets is called

A

thrombopoiesis

14
Q

red blood cells transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs for excretion

A

oxygenation

15
Q

control of bleeding

A

hemostasis

16
Q

a needle with stylet is introduced into the iliac crest

A

bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

17
Q

detects the percentage of young (1 to 2 day old) nonnucleated erythrocytes in peripheral blood

A

reticulocyte count

18
Q

detects characteristics sickling of RBC’s occuring with sickle cell trait or disease

A

sickling test

19
Q

detects immune globulin plasma

A

coombs test

20
Q

help detect disorders of platelet function

A

bleeding time

21
Q

measures time and completeness of platelet aggregate formation in the plasma sample after addition of a triggering agent.

A

platelet aggregation

22
Q

measures coagulation through intrinsic and common pathways

A

prothrombin time

23
Q

use to measure heparin therapy

A

thrombin clotting time

24
Q

Steps before blood tranfusion

A

blood typing and cross matching, consent and history tsking, initiate iv access, blood typing again, consent, retrieve blood

25
Q

Reactions to blood transfusion, four main types:

A

hemolytic, anaphylactic, febrile, circulatory overload

25
Q

condition in which the blood lacks adequate healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin

A

anemia

26
Q

iron stores are depleted resulting in decreased iron supply

A

iron deficiency anemia

27
Q

macrocytic anemia that results from an inadequate intake of vitamin b12 (lack)

A

megaloblastic anemia

28
Q

red blood cells are larger than normal and are ovalshaped rather that round shape (vitamin b9)

A

folate deficiency anemia

28
Q

severe, chronic incurable hemolytic anemia

A

sickle cell anemia

28
Q

deficiency of circulating erythrocytes and all other formed elements of blood

A

aplastic anemia

29
Q

hyperplasia of bone marrow

A

polycythemia vera

30
Q

bone marrow makes enough blood cells, but they are destroyed once released to circulation

A

autoimmune hemolytic anemia

31
Q

too few platelets circulating in the blood

A

thrombocytopenia

31
Q

rare blood clotting disorder that can cause organ damage and uncontrollable bleeding

A

disseminated intravascular coagulation

32
Q
A

medical surgucal (4 decks)

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