Cardiovascular problems Flashcards
Contraction of both the atria and ventricles
Systole
Relaxation of both atria and ventricles
Diastole
Volume of blood that returns to the heart
Preload
Resistance against which the ventricles must pump when ejecting blood.
Afterload
closure of av valves
S1
closure of semilunar valaves
S2
sound from ventricular gallop, blood rushes rapidly from the atrium to the ventricle
S3
sound from atrial contraction
S4
inability of the valve to close completely
Regurgitation
inability of the valve to open completely
Stenosis
sound that represents turbulence or disruption of blood flow
Murmurs
Barrowing of orifice when open during diastole
Mitral stenosis
test that records the electrical activity of the heart
ECG
8mm in duration that takes 2-5 mins to disappear
+4 severe pitting edema
indicates atrial depolarization/contraction
p wave
end of ventricular contraction and the beginning of repolarization
ST segment
responsible for ventricular depolarization
qrs complex
electrical reset of the heart
t wave
balloon is used to open a blockage in a coronary heart artery narrowed by atherosclerosis
coronary angioplastry
most common artery that causes blockage
Left anterior descending artery
there is imbalance of oxygen demand an supply to the myocardium
coronary artery disease
originates in the back of the sternum, has precipitating factor
2nd level stable angina
originates below the sternum and epigastric area that radiates to the left side of the body.
3rd level unstable angina
necrosis in the heart muscle due to no oxygen supply
myocardial infarction
drug of choice for MI
Fibrinolytics
Management for left sided heart failure 4D’s
Digoxin, diuretics, vasodilators, diet
Confirmatory test for MI
Troponin 1
Confirmatory test for left sided heart failure
bnp
pulsating sensation in the abdomen
abdominal aortic anuerysm
inflammation of the pericardium
pericarditis
inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart
dresslers syndrome
BECKS TRIAD
diminished/muffled heart sound, jugular vein distention, low bp
puncture of pericardial sac to aspirate fluid
pericardiocentesis
inflammation of myocardium
Myocarditis
inflammation of the inner lining of the heart and valves
Endocarditis
compression of the heart due to accumulation of fluid in the pericardial activity
cardiac tamponade
inflammation of the vessel wall
Thrombophlebitis
intermittent spasms in the fingers
Raynauds disease
