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N 4300 Exam 2 > Hematologic Dysfunction > Flashcards

Hematologic Dysfunction Flashcards

1
Q

What is ventilation?

A

movement of O2 and CO2 in and out of alveoli

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2
Q

How do the movements of gas occur?

A

high to low pressure

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3
Q

What is WOB ?

A

amount of effort required for adequate ventilation

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4
Q

What is compliance?

A

the elasticity of the lungs

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5
Q

What is resistance?

A

the opposition of gas flow in airways

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6
Q

What does oxyhemoglobin dissocation curve reflect?

A

relationship between SaO2 and PaO2.

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7
Q

What is typical setting of PEEP?

A

5-20 cm/ H2O

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8
Q

What acronym is used in describing causes in Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shift to right?

A

CADET: CO2, acidity, D PG 2/3, exercise, Temp

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9
Q

How do you know ABG is uncompensated?

A

ph abnormal and CO2 or HCO3 abnormal the other is normal.

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10
Q

Partially compensated all values are?

A

abnormal

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11
Q

Compensated what do values look like?

A

ph normal, CO2 or HCO3 abnormal

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12
Q

What does the hematologic system consist of?

A

blood, blood forming tissue(bone marrow and kidneys(erythropoietin))

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13
Q

What are the names of RBC, Platelets, WBC?

A

erythrocytes, thrombocytes, leukocytes.

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14
Q

What do RBC, Platelets, and WBC do?

A

RBC: nutrients, O2 carrying, remove waste; clotting; infection

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15
Q

What are some causes of anemia?

A

destruction or loss of red cells; lead poisoning, hypersplenism

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16
Q

What is the most common anemia?

A

iron deficiency anemia

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17
Q

Who are at high risk for iron deficiency anemia?

A

infants over 6 months who don’t eat solid foods, rapidly growing adolescents, female adolescents

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18
Q

What are some S/S of iron deficiency?

A

pallor, fatigue, irritability, tachycardia, Pica, HF, nail ned spooning.

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19
Q

When should we screen for iron deficiency?

A

9-12 months and 15-18 months

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20
Q

What is a good thing to give with iron supplements?

A

Orange juice

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21
Q

How much juice max should a child get a day?

A

8 oz

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22
Q

What is pernicious anemia? aplastic anemia?

A

lack of vit. B12, bone marrow issue

23
Q

What is sickle cell anemia?

A

partial or complete replacement of normal hemoglobin with Hb S.

24
Q

What are causes of SC?

A

occlusion of small blood vessels, ischemia, & organ damage.

25
Q

What is the first organ affected in SC?

A

Spleen

26
Q

What are some SC complications?

A

high risk for stroke, acute chest syndrome, pulm. htn, infection, aplastic crisis, priaprism, gallstones.

27
Q

What could trigger SC crisis?

A

fever, hypoxia, stress, increased blood viscosity, vasoconstriction when cold.

28
Q

What is important for SC patients?

A

immunizations, hydration, pain control

29
Q

What is the leading cause of death in SC patients?

A

acute chest syndrome

30
Q

What are some S/S of acute chest syndrome?

A

new pulm. findings on chest xray, chest pain, fever, tachypnea, coughing, wheezing

31
Q

What is the treatment for ACS?

A

analgesics, oxygen, hydration, IS, transfusion, STEM cell transplant only cure.

32
Q

In ACS what is the most common cause of death?

A

Pulm. embolism

33
Q

What is Aplastic crisis? (in SC pts)

A

decreased production of red cells, increased destruction of red cells.

34
Q

What are some triggers and s/s of aplastic crisis?

A

viral infection, lack of folic acid; anemia, pallor

35
Q

What is hemolytic anemia? (in SC pts)

A

red blood cells are destroyed and removed from the bloodstream before their normal lifespan is over.

36
Q

What are some long term complications of hemolytic anemia?

A

irreg. HR, cardiomegaly, HF

37
Q

What is Splenic Sequestration? (in SC pts)

A

pooling of blood in the spleen causing it to enlarge; life threatening!

38
Q

What are some s/s or splenic sequestration?

A

sudden weakness, pale lips, rapid breathing, exercise thirst, belly pain, rapid HR

39
Q

What is the most common type of SC crisis?

A

Vaso-occlusive Crisis

40
Q

What are some triggers of vaso-occlusive crisis?

A

dehydration, temp. extremes, infection, hypoxemia, emotional stress.

41
Q

What are some causes of vaso-occlusive crisis?

A

clumping of cells, ischemia, infarctions

42
Q

What are some s/s of vaso-occlusive crisis?

A

fever, tissue engorgement, pain & swelling in joints, severe abdominal pain, priaprism

43
Q

What could be released into system due to SC?

A

Potassium

44
Q

What is hemophilian A?

A

bleeding disorder resulting in a deficiency in a clotting factor; lacks factor VIII

45
Q

What are some s.s of hemophilia?

A

hemarthrosis bleeding into the joint space; edema, ecchymosis (easy bruising), back and flank pain

46
Q 
What are the normal values:
Fibrinogen:
PTT:
Platelet:
PT:
TT:
A 
175-400 mg/dl
22-34 sec
150,000-400,000
11-15 sec
14-16 sec
47
Q

What is the tx for hemophilia?

A

control bleeding by replacing missing factors; DDAVP (stimulates the release of factor VIII), RICE

48
Q

What is Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura?

A

increased destruction of platelets in the spleen; idiopathic

49
Q

ITP is the most common bleeding disorder in?

A

children

50
Q

What are some s/s or ITP?

A

multiple ecchymoses, and petechiae, mucosal bleeding, platelet count less than 20,000, normal hgb and wbc

51
Q

What is the goal of tx for ITP?

A

prevent intracranial hemorrhage

52
Q

Why don’t we normally tx ITP with platelet administration?

A

only controls bleeding temporarily.

53
Q

Why in ITP may they do a splenectomy ?

A

bc that’s where platelets are destroyed.

N 4300 Exam 2 (6 decks)

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