Hematologic and oncologic disorders Flashcards
Diagnostic criteria of severe aplastic anaemia, with the exception of:
A) absolute neutrophil count < 0,5 G/L
B) platelet count < 20 G/L
C) corrected reticulocyte ratio < 1%
D) absolute CD4-positive lymphocyte count < 0,2 G/l
D) absolute CD4-positive lymphocyte count < 0,2 G/l
Factors below may result in the development of aplastic anemia, with the exception of:
A) ionizing radiation
B) chloramphenicol
C) intravenous immunoglobulin preparations
D) parvovirus B19
E) hepatitis C virus
C) intravenous immunoglobulin preparations
Most frequent indications of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, with the exception of:
A) severe aplastic anemia
B) acute lymphoblastic leukemia in second remission
C) high-risk acute myeloid leukemia in first remission
D) high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first remission
E) thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
E) thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
The syndromes listed below are characterized by the association of hematopoietic and skeletal anomalies, with the exception of:
A) Diamond–Blackfan-anemia
B) Fanconi-anemia
C) „thrombocytopenia with absent radii” (TAR) syndrome
D) Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
D) Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
In addition to the signs of bone marrow failure, Fanconi anemia is characterized by signs and symptoms listed below, with the exception of:
A) skeletal malformations
B) hyperpigmentation
C) oculocutaneous albinism
D) spontaneous and induced chromosome fragility
C) oculocutaneous albinism
Average hemoglobin concentration in trimenon (‘physiological’) anemia:
A) 80 g/L
B) 114 g/L
C) 140 g/L
D) 155 g/L
E) 168 g/L
B) 114 g/L
Clinical signs of iron deficiency anemia in infants and toddlers, with the exception of:
A) craniotabes
B) restlessness
C) psychomotor retardation
D) pale skin and mucous membranes
E) somatic retardation
A) craniotabes
Factors listed below may result in iron deficient anemia, with the exception of:
A) excessive cow milk diet in toddlers
B) celiac disease
C) periods of rapid growth (e.g. infancy and puberty)
D) hemolysis
E) blood loss
D) hemolysis
Hypochromic, microcytic anemias, with the exception of:
A) β-thalassemia
B) glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase deficiency
C) lead poisoning
D) copper deficiency
E) iron deficiency
B) glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase deficiency
Frequent signs and complications of hemolytic anaemia, with the exception of:
A) jaundice
B) acholic feces (clay-colored stools)
C) early development of gallstones
D) dark urine with elevated urobilinogen level
E) splenomegaly
B) acholic feces (clay-colored stools)
Signs of hemolytic crisis in case of severe intravascular hemolysis, with the exception of:
A) fever, fever chills accompanied by severe abdominal or flank pain
B) sudden onset and enhancement of jaundice and splenomegaly
C) shock with or without DIC
D) onset of hyperkalemia, oliguria, anuria
E) reticulocytopenia
E) reticulocytopenia
Hemolytic diseases in children, with the exception of:
A) Evans-syndrome
B) glucose-6-phosphate-dehidrogenase deficiency
C) hereditary spherocytosis
D) Kasabach–Merritt-syndrome
E) methemoglobinemia
E) methemoglobinemia
Characteristic clinical and biological findings in patients with hereditary spherocytosis, with the exception of:
A) increased osmotic fragility of the red cells due to cell membrane defect
B) presence of microspherocytes in the blood smear
C) both hemolytic and aplastic crisis may occur
D) microspherocytes will vanish from peripheral blood after splenectomy
E) hemolysis will stop after splenectomy
D) microspherocytes will vanish from peripheral blood after splenectomy
Eosinophilia is frequently present in the conditions listed below, with the exception of:
A) allergic disorders
B) inflammatory bowel diseases
C) measles
D) scarlet fever
E) toxocariasis
C) measles
Signs of hyperleukocytosis syndrome, with the exception of:
A) central nervous system bleeding
B) ARDS
C) polyuria
D) thrombosis
E) lung hemorrhage
C) polyuria
Measures to be taken to prevent tumor-lysis syndrome, with the exception of:
A) start immediately full-dose combined cytostatic treatment
B) start single-agent low-dose chemotherapy
C) apply allopurinol in 300-400 mg/m2/day
D) use diuretics
E) hydration with 3000 ml/m2/day fluid intake
A) start immediately full-dose combined cytostatic treatment
The tumor lysis syndrome triad, with the exception of:
A) hyperbilirubinemia
B) hyperkalemia
C) hyperphosphatemia
D) hyperuricemia
A) hyperbilirubinemia
Mark the proper answer. More frequently manifesting clinical signs in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia than in children with acute myeloid leukemia:
A) chloroma
B) hemorrhagic hyperplasia of the gingiva
C) hepatosplenomegaly
D) bone and/or joint pain
D) bone and/or joint pain
Platelet-type bleeding signs can be seen in conditions listed below, with the exception of:
A) acute leukemia
B) hemophilia A
C) immune thrombocytopenia
D) side effect of salicylate treatment
E) von Willebrand disease
B) hemophilia A
Frequent clinical signs in children with intracranial tumors, with the exception of:
A) endocrine disorders
B) signs of extracranial, extramedullary metastases
C) focal neurologic signs
D) signs of elevated intracranial pressure
E) character change
B) signs of extracranial, extramedullary metastases
Characteristic presentation signs of neuroblastoma, with the exception of:
A) hemolysis
B) Horner-triad
C) hypertension
D) opsoclonus-myoclonus (dancing eyes-dancing feet) syndrome
E) palpable abdominal mass
A) hemolysis
Adverse prognostic factors of neuroblastoma, with the exception of:
A) onset in infancy
B) bone metastases
C) N-myc amplification
D) high levels of serum ferritin and LDH
A) onset in infancy
The following statements are characteristic for retinoblastoma, with the exception of:
A) The first suspicious sign is the onset of strabismus in an infant who was not amblyopic previously.
B) The pathognomonic clinical sign, leukocoria (cat’s eye or white eye) characterizes an advanced disease, which can be treated with enucleation
C) The unilateral, unifocal retinoblastoma is usually sporadic
D) The bilateral, multifocal retinoblastoma is usually inherited due to germline mutations of the RB1 gene
E) Retinoblastoma usually does not exceed the boundaries of the orbit; therefore, there is no role of chemotherapy in the management
E) Retinoblastoma usually does not exceed the boundaries of the orbit; therefore, there is no role of chemotherapy in the management
The following statements are characteristic for Wilms tumor, with the exception of:
A) the most frequent presentation sign is a painless abdominal mass
B) clinical signs, such as hypertension, hematuria, abdominal pain, weakness and fever may accompany the development of Wilms tumor in 20% of cases
C) the patients are almost always anemic due to decreased erythropoietin production
D) Wilms tumor may be associated with aniridia, hemihypertophy and urogenital malformations
E) treatment intensity is influenced by the stage and histological type of the disease
C) the patients are almost always anemic due to decreased erythropoietin production
