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Terminology 2 > Hematic System > Flashcards

Hematic System Flashcards

1
Q

Hematic Cells that are responsible for protection of body from infection

A

White blood cells
Antibodies
Macrophages

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2
Q

Red blood cells life span vs white blood cells life span

A

120 days/ 13-20 day

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3
Q

Homeostasis (steady state)

A

is a continual balancing act of the body systems to provide an internal environment that is compatible with life.

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4
Q

What is the blood is responsible for

A
  • Transportation of gases (oxygen [O2] and carbon dioxide [CO2]), chemical substances (hormones, nutrients, salts), and cells that defend the body.
  • Regulation of the body’s fluid and electrolyte balance, acid-base balance, and body temperature.
  • Protection of the body from infection.
  • Protection of the body from loss of blood by the action of clotting.
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5
Q

What is The lymph system responsible for

A
  • Cleansing the cellular environment.
  • Returning proteins and tissue fluids to the blood (drainage).
  • Providing a pathway for the absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins into the bloodstream.
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6
Q

What is The immune system responsible for

A

Defending the body against disease via the immune response.

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7
Q

Tissue fluid is drained by …… and is transported by …….. toward the heart.

A

lymphatic capillaries

larger lymphatic vessels

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8
Q

The organs in the lymphatic system are 5

A 
spleen 
thymus gland 
tonsils
appendix
Peyer’s patches.
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9
Q

The spleen is located in

A

upper left quadrant

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10
Q

Spleen function

A

filter, store, and produce blood cells; remove red blood cells (RBCs); and activate B lymphocytes.

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11
Q

The thymus gland is located

A

mediastinum.

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12
Q

Thymus gland function

A

development of T lymphocytes (T cells).

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13
Q

Tonsils function

A

helps protect the entrance to the respiratory and digestive systems.

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14
Q

The vermiform appendix and Peyer’s patches are lymphoid tissue located in

A

the intestines

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15
Q

hematopoiesis

A

The formation of blood

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16
Q

hematopoiesis, begins in

A

the bone marrow

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17
Q

(whole) blood

A

= blood cells (45% ) plasma (55%)

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18
Q

Single cell in which all types of cells begin with

A

multipotential (pluri potent) hematopoietic stem cell (HSC), or hemocytoblast.

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19
Q

The solid portion of blood is composed of three different types of cells:

A
  1. Erythrocytes,
  2. Leukocytes,
  3. Thrombocytes,
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20
Q

Erythrocytes

A

RBCs

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21
Q

Leukocytes

A

WBCs

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22
Q

Thrombocytes

A

clotting cells, cell fragments, or platelets.

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23
Q

there are about…..of blood in a 150-lb (68-kg) person

A

5L

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24
Q

Red blood cells number

A

Millions

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25
Q

Functions of RBCs

A

transporting O2 and CO2 throughout the body.

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26
Q

hemoglobin.

A

protein-iron pigment that are the vehicle for transportation of O2 and Co2

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27
Q

hemoglobin when combined with oxygen, it is termed

A

oxyhemoglobin

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28
Q

The formation of RBCs happens in …. and is stimulated by….

A

red bone marrow,

erythropoietin

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29
Q

erythropoietin

A

hormone from the kidneys

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30
Q

after 120 days RBCs decompose into

A

hemosiderin

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31
Q

hemosiderin

A

iron pigment resulting from hemolysis, and bilirubin

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32
Q

Hemolysis

A

rupturing (lysis) of red blood cells

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33
Q

hemosiderin is stored in …… and why?

A

liver to be recycled into new RBCs,

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34
Q

Abnormal RBCs can be named by their

A

morphology

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35
Q

morphology

A

study of shape or form.

36
Q

RBCs shapes

A

biconcave, disclike shape and are anuclear

without a nucleus). (Although the center is depressed, there is not an actual hole.

37
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

hereditary condition where RBCs resemble a crescent or sickle. It’s caused by an abnormal hemoglobin in a number of Africans and African Americans

38
Q

Hemoglobin terminology

A

Hemo: blood
Globin: protein substance

39
Q

Myel/o

A

Bone marrow

40
Q

Erythropoietin terminology

A

Erythr/o: red

Poietin: forming substance

41
Q

Hemosiderin terminology

A

Hemo/o: blood

Siderin: iron substance

42
Q

Hemolysis terminology

A

Blood

Lysis: breaking down

43
Q

Morphology terminology

A

Morth/o: shape or form

Logy: study of

44
Q

Num of leukocytes

A

thousands

45
Q

General function of WBC

A

protect the body from invasion by pathogens.

46
Q

two main types of WBCs:

A

granulocytes and agranulocytes.

47
Q

Granulocytes are named for… and another name for them is …..

A

Their appearance

polymorphonucleocytes

48
Q

three types of granulocytes,

A
  1. Eosinophils
  2. Basophils
  3. Neuotrophils
49
Q

Granulocytes are named for

A

the type of dye that it attracts.

50
Q

Eosinophils (eosins) are cells that absorb ….. causing them to appear….

A

acidic dye

Reddish

51
Q

An increase in eosinophils is a response to

A

defending the body against allergens and parasites.

52
Q

Neutrophils absorb…. their color is ….

A

do not absorb either an acidic or a basic dye

purplish color.

53
Q

most numerous WBCs are

A

Neutrophils

54
Q

Neutrophils specialise in

A

phagocytosis and generally combat bacteria in pyogenic infections.

55
Q

Neutrophils are drawn to a site of….. and their function is….

A

Pathogenic invasion

consume the enemy and remove the debris resulting from the battle.

56
Q

Why are immature neutrophils referred to as band cells or stabs

A

Because the nucleus in immature neutrophils has a long “bandlike” shape

57
Q

Stabs in german is

A

Rod

58
Q

When neutrophils turn into adult cells and the nuclei is divided into clumps the cells are called

A

Segs

59
Q

Basophils absorb and ……they stain a …. color

A

basic (or alkaline) dye

bluish color.

60
Q

Basophils Especially effective in combating

A

parasites

61
Q

Basophils release

A

Histamine and heparin

62
Q

histamine

A

substance that initiates an inflammatory response

63
Q

Heparin

A

anticoagulant

64
Q

Histamine and heparin are instrumental in

A

healing damaged tissue.

65
Q

Granulocytes terminology

A

Granulo/ little grain

Cyte: cell

66
Q

Polymorphonucleocyte terminology

A

Poly: many
Morph/o: shape
Nuce/o: nucleus
Cyte: cell

67
Q

Eosinophils terminology

A

Eosin: rosy colored
Phil: attraction

68
Q

Neurophil terminology

A

Neur/o: neutral

Phil: attraction

69
Q

Phagocytes terminology

A

Phag/o: eat, swallow

Cyte: cells

70
Q

Agranulocytes (Mononuclear Leukocytes) are named for

A

their lack of granules.

Because they have 1 nucleus

71
Q

Agranulocytes originate in ….. and mature in…..

A

Bone marrow

Lymphatic system

72
Q

two types of Agranulocytes

A

Monocytes and Lymphocytes

73
Q

Monocytes are named for ….. and they transform into …..

A

their single, large nucleus

macrophages that do phagocytosis

74
Q

key of the immune response is

A

Lymphocytes

75
Q

Foreign substances entering the body are

A

Antigens

76
Q

neutralizers are called

A

antibodies

77
Q

Function of lymphocytes

A

recognition” of antigens and the manufacture of their antibodies (b)

78
Q

Why are thrombocytes called platelets

A

Because have a round or oval shape and they look like small plates.

79
Q

coagulation

A

process of changing a liquid to a solid.

تخثر

80
Q

…. are responsible for coagulation

A

Platelets

81
Q

When blood escapes the normal vessels platelets….

A

Agglutinate or clump together

82
Q

Thrombocyte terminology

A

Thromb/o= clot, clotting

Cyte: cell

83
Q

Hemostasis terminology

A

Hem/o : blood

Stasis: stopping

84
Q

Plasma is composed of

A
  1. Water, or H2O (90%)
  2. Inorganic substances (calcium, potassium, sodium)
  3. Organic substances (glucose, amino acids, fats, cholesterol, hormones)
  4. Waste products (urea, uric acid, ammonia, creatinine)
  5. Plasma proteins (serum albumin, serum globulin, and two clotting proteins
85
Q

What are the 2 clotting proteins in plasme

A

fibrinogen and prothrombin)

86
Q

Serum (pl. sera)

A

plasma minus the clotting proteins.

87
Q

Serology

A

the branch of laboratory medicine that studies blood serum for evidence of infection

Terminology 2 (4 decks)

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