Hematic System Flashcards
Hematic Cells that are responsible for protection of body from infection
White blood cells
Antibodies
Macrophages
Red blood cells life span vs white blood cells life span
120 days/ 13-20 day
Homeostasis (steady state)
is a continual balancing act of the body systems to provide an internal environment that is compatible with life.
What is the blood is responsible for
- Transportation of gases (oxygen [O2] and carbon dioxide [CO2]), chemical substances (hormones, nutrients, salts), and cells that defend the body.
- Regulation of the body’s fluid and electrolyte balance, acid-base balance, and body temperature.
- Protection of the body from infection.
- Protection of the body from loss of blood by the action of clotting.
What is The lymph system responsible for
- Cleansing the cellular environment.
- Returning proteins and tissue fluids to the blood (drainage).
- Providing a pathway for the absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins into the bloodstream.
What is The immune system responsible for
Defending the body against disease via the immune response.
Tissue fluid is drained by …… and is transported by …….. toward the heart.
lymphatic capillaries
larger lymphatic vessels
The organs in the lymphatic system are 5
spleen thymus gland tonsils appendix Peyer’s patches.
The spleen is located in
upper left quadrant
Spleen function
filter, store, and produce blood cells; remove red blood cells (RBCs); and activate B lymphocytes.
The thymus gland is located
mediastinum.
Thymus gland function
development of T lymphocytes (T cells).
Tonsils function
helps protect the entrance to the respiratory and digestive systems.
The vermiform appendix and Peyer’s patches are lymphoid tissue located in
the intestines
hematopoiesis
The formation of blood
hematopoiesis, begins in
the bone marrow
(whole) blood
= blood cells (45% ) plasma (55%)
Single cell in which all types of cells begin with
multipotential (pluri potent) hematopoietic stem cell (HSC), or hemocytoblast.
The solid portion of blood is composed of three different types of cells:
- Erythrocytes,
- Leukocytes,
- Thrombocytes,
Erythrocytes
RBCs
Leukocytes
WBCs
Thrombocytes
clotting cells, cell fragments, or platelets.
there are about…..of blood in a 150-lb (68-kg) person
5L
Red blood cells number
Millions
Functions of RBCs
transporting O2 and CO2 throughout the body.
hemoglobin.
protein-iron pigment that are the vehicle for transportation of O2 and Co2
hemoglobin when combined with oxygen, it is termed
oxyhemoglobin
The formation of RBCs happens in …. and is stimulated by….
red bone marrow,
erythropoietin
erythropoietin
hormone from the kidneys
after 120 days RBCs decompose into
hemosiderin
hemosiderin
iron pigment resulting from hemolysis, and bilirubin
Hemolysis
rupturing (lysis) of red blood cells
hemosiderin is stored in …… and why?
liver to be recycled into new RBCs,
Abnormal RBCs can be named by their
morphology
morphology
study of shape or form.
RBCs shapes
biconcave, disclike shape and are anuclear
without a nucleus). (Although the center is depressed, there is not an actual hole.
sickle cell anemia
hereditary condition where RBCs resemble a crescent or sickle. It’s caused by an abnormal hemoglobin in a number of Africans and African Americans
Hemoglobin terminology
Hemo: blood
Globin: protein substance
Myel/o
Bone marrow
Erythropoietin terminology
Erythr/o: red
Poietin: forming substance
Hemosiderin terminology
Hemo/o: blood
Siderin: iron substance
Hemolysis terminology
Blood
Lysis: breaking down
Morphology terminology
Morth/o: shape or form
Logy: study of
Num of leukocytes
thousands
General function of WBC
protect the body from invasion by pathogens.
two main types of WBCs:
granulocytes and agranulocytes.
Granulocytes are named for… and another name for them is …..
Their appearance
polymorphonucleocytes
three types of granulocytes,
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
- Neuotrophils
Granulocytes are named for
the type of dye that it attracts.
Eosinophils (eosins) are cells that absorb ….. causing them to appear….
acidic dye
Reddish
An increase in eosinophils is a response to
defending the body against allergens and parasites.
Neutrophils absorb…. their color is ….
do not absorb either an acidic or a basic dye
purplish color.
most numerous WBCs are
Neutrophils
Neutrophils specialise in
phagocytosis and generally combat bacteria in pyogenic infections.
Neutrophils are drawn to a site of….. and their function is….
Pathogenic invasion
consume the enemy and remove the debris resulting from the battle.
Why are immature neutrophils referred to as band cells or stabs
Because the nucleus in immature neutrophils has a long “bandlike” shape
Stabs in german is
Rod
When neutrophils turn into adult cells and the nuclei is divided into clumps the cells are called
Segs
Basophils absorb and ……they stain a …. color
basic (or alkaline) dye
bluish color.
Basophils Especially effective in combating
parasites
Basophils release
Histamine and heparin
histamine
substance that initiates an inflammatory response
Heparin
anticoagulant
Histamine and heparin are instrumental in
healing damaged tissue.
Granulocytes terminology
Granulo/ little grain
Cyte: cell
Polymorphonucleocyte terminology
Poly: many
Morph/o: shape
Nuce/o: nucleus
Cyte: cell
Eosinophils terminology
Eosin: rosy colored
Phil: attraction
Neurophil terminology
Neur/o: neutral
Phil: attraction
Phagocytes terminology
Phag/o: eat, swallow
Cyte: cells
Agranulocytes (Mononuclear Leukocytes) are named for
their lack of granules.
Because they have 1 nucleus
Agranulocytes originate in ….. and mature in…..
Bone marrow
Lymphatic system
two types of Agranulocytes
Monocytes and Lymphocytes
Monocytes are named for ….. and they transform into …..
their single, large nucleus
macrophages that do phagocytosis
key of the immune response is
Lymphocytes
Foreign substances entering the body are
Antigens
neutralizers are called
antibodies
Function of lymphocytes
recognition” of antigens and the manufacture of their antibodies (b)
Why are thrombocytes called platelets
Because have a round or oval shape and they look like small plates.
coagulation
process of changing a liquid to a solid.
تخثر
…. are responsible for coagulation
Platelets
When blood escapes the normal vessels platelets….
Agglutinate or clump together
Thrombocyte terminology
Thromb/o= clot, clotting
Cyte: cell
Hemostasis terminology
Hem/o : blood
Stasis: stopping
Plasma is composed of
- Water, or H2O (90%)
- Inorganic substances (calcium, potassium, sodium)
- Organic substances (glucose, amino acids, fats, cholesterol, hormones)
- Waste products (urea, uric acid, ammonia, creatinine)
- Plasma proteins (serum albumin, serum globulin, and two clotting proteins
What are the 2 clotting proteins in plasme
fibrinogen and prothrombin)
Serum (pl. sera)
plasma minus the clotting proteins.
Serology
the branch of laboratory medicine that studies blood serum for evidence of infection
