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Terminology 2 > Genitourinary System > Flashcards

Genitourinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Urinary system functions

A

Excretion of toxic nitrogenous substances in the urine to maintain a healthy balance of the amount and content of extra cellular fluid inside the body.

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2
Q

Homeostasis

A

state of steady internal, physical, and chemical conditions maintained by living systems.

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3
Q

What does metabolism do

A

Changes food and liquid (fats, carbs, proteins ) into building blocks, energy sources, and waste products.

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4
Q

Breakdown of proteins and amino acids in the liver leaves …. in the blood stream

A

Chemical waste (urea, creatinine, uric acid)

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5
Q

Act of releasing urine

A

Urination
Voiding
Or micturition

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6
Q

Urinary system is composed of

A

2 kidneys
2 ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra

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7
Q

Kidney function

A

Filter blood & eliminate waste through passage of urine

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8
Q

Work of urinary system is done mainly by

A

Specialised tissue in kidney called parenchymal tissue.

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9
Q

Ureters

A

thin, muscular tubes that move urine in peristaltic waves from the kidneys to the bladder.

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10
Q

Bladder

A

sac that stores the urine until it is excreted.

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11
Q

Bladder is linedwith

A 
Epithelial mucous membrane of transitional cells
Then 
Lamina propria
Then
Detruser muscles
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12
Q

Detruser muscles

A

Contract to release urine

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13
Q

Lamina propria composed of…. and their purpose..

A

connective tissues that hold blood vessels and nerves.

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14
Q

Urethra

A

is the tube that conducts the urine out of the bladder .

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15
Q

Opening of urethra

A

Urinary meatus

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16
Q

Trigone

A

The triangular area in the bladder between the ureters entrance and the urethral outlet

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17
Q

Ureters, bladder and urethra are al …tissue

A

Stromal (supportive tissue)

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18
Q

Kidneys are located

A

high in the abdominal cavity, tucked under the ribs in the back and behind the lining the abdominal cavity ( retroperitoneal )

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19
Q

The normal human kidney is about the size of a

A

Fist

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20
Q

Renal capsule

A

The tough outer covering of the kidney

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21
Q

cortex (pl. cortices)

A

Outer portion of kidney (inside the capsule)

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22
Q

Medulla (pl medullae)

A

inner portion of kidney

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23
Q

The renal pelvis and calyces (sing. calyx) are an extension of

A

The ureter inside the kidney

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24
Q

Renal pyramids

A

triangular sections that extend from the renal medulla toward the renal pelvis .

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25
Q

Papilla

A

The downward point of the pyramid

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26
Q

Renal

A

Pertaining to the kidney

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27
Q

The ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) is

A

the area where the ureter joins the renal pelvis. Usually is a site of obstruction

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28
Q

The hilum (pl. hila)

A

the location on the kidney where the ureter and renal vein leave the kidney and the renal artery enters

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29
Q

nephrons

A

Millions of microscopic units in the tissues of cortex where blood undergoes urinary filtration, reabsorption, and secretion that measures, monitors, and adjusts the levels of substances in the extracellular fluid

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30
Q

Uria

A

urinary condition

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31
Q

Anuria

A

Condition of no urine

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32
Q

Dysuria

A

Condition of painful urination

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33
Q

Enuresis

A

Bed wetting (can be nocturnal or diurnal)

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34
Q

Nephr/o

A

Kidney

35
Q

acute nephritic syndrome

A

Hypertension , hematuria , and proteinuria ( protein in the urine ) resulting from damage to the glomeruli.

36
Q

Golmeruli

A

filtering unit of the kidney, is a unique bundle of capillaries located in nephrons

37
Q

Nephrotic syndrome / nephrosis

A

Abnormal group of signs in the kidney, characterized by proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia and edema, may occur in glomerular disease and as a complication of many systemic diseases (eg, diabetes mellitus ).

38
Q

hypoalbuminemia

A

abnormally low levels of albumin in the blood

39
Q

Vesicoureteral reflux

A

Abnormal backflow of urine from bladder to ureter

40
Q

Py/o

A

Pus

41
Q

Pyonephrosis

A

Pyogenic infection of the kidney

42
Q

Hydronephrosis

A

Dilation of the renal pelvis and calices because of obstruction of the flow of urine

43
Q

Nocturia

A

Excessive urination at night

44
Q

Oliguria

A

Condition of scanty or little urination

45
Q

Olig/o

A

Few

46
Q

Polyuria

A

Condition of excessive urination

47
Q

Urinary retention

A

Inability to release urine

48
Q

Vesical tenesmus

A

Bladder spasms causing feeling of not complete emptiness of bladder

49
Q

Vesic/o

A

Bladder

50
Q

Extravasation of urine

A

Urine leaking outside the bladder into surrounding tissue

51
Q

Hematuria

A

Blood in urine

52
Q

Incontinence urinary

A

Inability to hold urine

53
Q

Ren/o

A

Kidney

54
Q

Extrarenal uremia

A

Uremia due to kidney failure caused by disease outside the kidney eg: heart failure

55
Q

Uremia

A

Excessive urea in blood

56
Q

Urolothiasis

A

Stones in anywhere in the urinary tract. Usually in bladder or renal pelvis

57
Q

Cystolithiasis

A

Stones in urinary bladder

58
Q

What is the reason for urinary calculi (stones)

A

Excess if mineral calcium

59
Q

Nephroptosis

A

Sagging of the kidney

60
Q

Cyst/o

A

Bladder

61
Q

Cystitis

A

Inflammation of the bladder

62
Q

Interstitial terminology

A

Inter: between
Stiti/o: space
Al: pertaining to

63
Q

Interstitial cystitis (IC)

A

Painful inflammation of the wall of the bladder. Symptoms include urinary frequency and urgency

64
Q

Trigonitis

A

Inflammation of the bladder between the inlet of the ureters and outlet of urethra

65
Q

Urethral stricture (urethral stenosis)

A

Narrowing of the urethra

66
Q

Urinary tract infection (UTI)

A

Infections anywhere in the urinary system caused by bacteria, parasites, yeast and protozoa.

67
Q

Cystectomy

A

Cutting out part or all of the urinary bladder.

68
Q

Cystolithotomy

A

Incision to cut a stone out of the urinary bladder.

69
Q

Lithotomy vs lithotripsy

A

Cutting out a stone vs crushing a stone

70
Q

Cystoscopy

A

Viewing and examination of urinary bladder using cystoscope

71
Q

Lithotripsy

A

Stone crushing tp prevent or clean an obstruction in the urinary system. Using high energy shock waves or a dye laser. Fragments may be washed out or expelled naturally

72
Q

Nepherectomy

A

Resection of the kidney

73
Q

Nephrolithotomy

A

Incision of the kidney for removal of a kidney stone.

74
Q

Nephropexy

A

Suspension of fixation of the kidney

75
Q

Nephrostomy

A

Opening made in the kidney so that a catheter can be inserted

76
Q

Nephrotomy

A

. Incision of the kidney.

77
Q

Renal dialysis

A

Process of diffusing blood across a semipermeable membrane to remove substances that a healthy kidney would eliminate , including poisons, drugs, urea, unc acid , and creatinine .

78
Q

Dialysis

A

Dia: complete
Lysis: breaking down

79
Q

Renal transplant

A

Surgical transfer of a kidney from a donor to a recipient

80
Q

Urthrolysis

A

Destruction of adhesions of the urethra

81
Q

Urinalysis

A

Physical, chemical, and/ or microscopic examination of urine

82
Q

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

A

Blood test that measures the amount of nitrogenous waste in the circulatory system ; an increased level is an indicator of kidney dysfunction.

83
Q

Hemodialysis (HD)

A

Type of renal dialysis that cleanses the blood by shunting it from the body through a machine for diffusion and ultrafiltration and then returning it to the patient’s circulation

Terminology 2 (4 decks)

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