Circulatory System Flashcards
circulatory system includes the body systems of: 2
cardiovascular system
lymphatic system
primary function of the circulatory system
to provide a means of transportation for nutrients, water, oxygen, hormones, and body salts (to) and wastes (from) the cells of the body.
Other function of the system
Dispatches defensive cells through the lymphatic system
Tasks of cardiovascular system require …. and why?
anatomic structures and mechanisms
To direct these “highways” to every cell of the body without stopping.
2 types of circulation
Pulmonary
Systematic
Pulmonary circulation
Begins at the right side of the heart
Sends blood to the lungs to absorb oxygen
The blood returns to the left side of heart
Systematic circulation
Carries blood from the heart to the cells of the body where nutrients and waste exchange takes place
renal circulation
When blood passes through the kidneys in systemic circulation
What happens in renal circulation
kidneys filter much of the waste from the blood to be excreted in the urine
portal circulation.
Blood passing through the small intestine during systemic circulation.
What happens in portal circulation.
blood from the small intestine collects in the portal vein, which passes through the liver
What does the liver do to the blood
serves to filter sugars from the blood and store them for use as needed.
systemic circulation, the blood traveling away from the heart first passes through
Aorta
the largest artery in the body
aorta
Branches after aorta
aorta
conducting arteries
smaller arterioles
capillaries
site of exchange between the cells’ fluids and the plasma of the circulatory system.
capillaries
Once the blood begins its journey back to the heart, it goes through (in order)
venules
Veins
Superior or inferior vena cava
inferior vena cava is classified as
lower vein
The great vessels include
pulmonary arteries and veins
superior and inferior vena cava
aorta
the vessels of the cardiovascular system share a lining of
endothelial cells
Ox/i, ox/o, oxy
Oxygen
Capn/o
Carbon dioxide
Coron/o, cordi/o
Heart
Phleb/o, ven/o
Vein
Pulmon/o
Pneum/o
Pneumat/o
Lung
Aort/o
Aorta
Venul/o
Venule
Arteriol/o
Arteriole
Arteri/o
Artery
Angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o
Vessels
human heart is about the size of
fist
Location of heart
in the mediastinum of the thoracic cavity, slightly left of the midline.
Pointed tip of mediastinum
Apex
Location of apex
rests just above the diaphragm.
precordium
area of the chest wall anterior to the heart and lower thorax
the heart has…. chambers which are?
2 upper atria and 2 lower ventricles
auricular appendage
ear-shaped pouch that is connected to each atrium
right auricular appendage is associated with
tachycardia
tachycardia
rapid heartbeat
left auricular appendage is associated with
blood clots from atrial fibrillation (an extremely rapid and irregular heartbeat)
ventricles are composed of
trabeculae carneae.
trabeculae carneae.
fleshy, beam- shaped structures
valves are located
Between the atria and ventricles, and between the ventricles and vessels
valves function
allow blood to flow through in one direction.
atrioventricular septum
tissue wall between the top and bottom chambers
The heart wall is constructed of three distinct layers
endocardium
myocardium
pericardium
endocardium is composed of
endothelial cells and connective tissue
endocardium acts as
lining for each of the chambers and valves.
myocardium is composed of… and it’s location
cardiac muscle
surrounding each of the chambers
pericardium
the double-folded layer of connective tissue that surrounds the heart.
pericardial cavity holds a serous fluid, what is it’s function
protects the heart from friction.
visceral pericardium
inner layer of this double fold
parietal pericardium
outer membrane, closest to the body wall,
Another name for the visceral pericardium is the epicardium, why
it is the structure on top of the heart.
transmural
Term used to describe a heart disorder that is through the wall of the heart.
transmural infarct
tissue death (an infarct) that extends through the entire thickness of the heart wall from the endocardium to the epicardium.
Deoxygenated blood is returned to the heart through
venae cavae
Superior returns blood from upper body
Inferior returns blood from lower body
Blood is squeezed from the right atrium (RA) to the right ventricle (RV) through
tricuspid valve (TV).
annulus
fibrous ring at the base of each valve
Sept/o
Septum
Trabecul/o
Trabecula
Valv/o, valvul/o
Valve
Epicardi/o
Epicardium
Apicbo
Apix
Atri/o
Atrium
Auricul/o
Auricular
Ventricul/o
Ventricle
Transmural terminology
Trans: through
Mur/o: wall
Al: pertaining to
Valves are considered to be competent (capable) if
they open and close properly, letting through or holding back an expected amount of blood.
blood is squeezed out through the ….. into the pulmonary arteries (PA), which carry …..from…. to….
pulmonary semilunar valve
deoxygenated blood
Heart
Lung
bicuspid valve has
two leaflets (cusps) that are attached to two nipple-like papillary muscles by the chordae tendineae
chordae tendineae
cordlike tendons.
What opens and closes the heart valves.
Papillary muscles
tricuspid valve has
three leaflets attached to three papillary muscles, connected again by chordae tendineae.
The main pulmonary artery (pulmonary trunk) divides into
right and left arteries to supply each lung.
conus arteriosus
cone-shaped extension of the right ventricle into the pulmonary trunk. I
oxygenated blood continues its journey back from the lungs to the left side of the heart through
pulmonary veins (PV).
Oxygenated blood then enters the heart through … and has to pass…
left atrium
mitral valve
mitral valve
Biscupid valve between left atrium and left ventricle
When the left ventricle contracts
the blood finally pushes out through the aortic semilunar valve into the aorta and begins yet another cycle through the body.
Aorta parts
first part of the aorta, the ascending aorta, rises toward the head, then bends into the aortic arch and continues downward through the chest as the descending thoracic aorta. Once it passes the diaphragm, it is termed the abdominal aorta.
