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Terminology 2 > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

circulatory system includes the body systems of: 2

A

cardiovascular system

lymphatic system

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2
Q

primary function of the circulatory system

A

to provide a means of transportation for nutrients, water, oxygen, hormones, and body salts (to) and wastes (from) the cells of the body.

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3
Q

Other function of the system

A

Dispatches defensive cells through the lymphatic system

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4
Q

Tasks of cardiovascular system require …. and why?

A

anatomic structures and mechanisms

To direct these “highways” to every cell of the body without stopping.

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5
Q

2 types of circulation

A

Pulmonary

Systematic

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6
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

Begins at the right side of the heart
Sends blood to the lungs to absorb oxygen
The blood returns to the left side of heart

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7
Q

Systematic circulation

A

Carries blood from the heart to the cells of the body where nutrients and waste exchange takes place

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8
Q

renal circulation

A

When blood passes through the kidneys in systemic circulation

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9
Q

What happens in renal circulation

A

kidneys filter much of the waste from the blood to be excreted in the urine

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10
Q

portal circulation.

A

Blood passing through the small intestine during systemic circulation.

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11
Q

What happens in portal circulation.

A

blood from the small intestine collects in the portal vein, which passes through the liver

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12
Q

What does the liver do to the blood

A

serves to filter sugars from the blood and store them for use as needed.

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13
Q

systemic circulation, the blood traveling away from the heart first passes through

A

Aorta

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14
Q

the largest artery in the body

A

aorta

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15
Q

Branches after aorta

A

aorta
conducting arteries
smaller arterioles
capillaries

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16
Q

site of exchange between the cells’ fluids and the plasma of the circulatory system.

A

capillaries

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17
Q

Once the blood begins its journey back to the heart, it goes through (in order)

A

venules
Veins
Superior or inferior vena cava

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18
Q

inferior vena cava is classified as

A

lower vein

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19
Q

The great vessels include

A

pulmonary arteries and veins
superior and inferior vena cava
aorta

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20
Q

the vessels of the cardiovascular system share a lining of

A

endothelial cells

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21
Q

Ox/i, ox/o, oxy

A

Oxygen

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22
Q

Capn/o

A

Carbon dioxide

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23
Q

Coron/o, cordi/o

A

Heart

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24
Q

Phleb/o, ven/o

A

Vein

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25
Q

Pulmon/o
Pneum/o
Pneumat/o

A

Lung

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26
Q

Aort/o

A

Aorta

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27
Q

Venul/o

A

Venule

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28
Q

Arteriol/o

A

Arteriole

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29
Q

Arteri/o

A

Artery

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30
Q

Angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o

A

Vessels

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31
Q

human heart is about the size of

A

fist

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32
Q

Location of heart

A

in the mediastinum of the thoracic cavity, slightly left of the midline.

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33
Q

Pointed tip of mediastinum

A

Apex

34
Q

Location of apex

A

rests just above the diaphragm.

35
Q

precordium

A

area of the chest wall anterior to the heart and lower thorax

36
Q

the heart has…. chambers which are?

A

2 upper atria and 2 lower ventricles

37
Q

auricular appendage

A

ear-shaped pouch that is connected to each atrium

38
Q

right auricular appendage is associated with

A

tachycardia

39
Q

tachycardia

A

rapid heartbeat

40
Q

left auricular appendage is associated with

A

blood clots from atrial fibrillation (an extremely rapid and irregular heartbeat)

41
Q

ventricles are composed of

A

trabeculae carneae.

42
Q

trabeculae carneae.

A

fleshy, beam- shaped structures

43
Q

valves are located

A

Between the atria and ventricles, and between the ventricles and vessels

44
Q

valves function

A

allow blood to flow through in one direction.

45
Q

atrioventricular septum

A

tissue wall between the top and bottom chambers

46
Q

The heart wall is constructed of three distinct layers

A

endocardium
myocardium
pericardium

47
Q

endocardium is composed of

A

endothelial cells and connective tissue

48
Q

endocardium acts as

A

lining for each of the chambers and valves.

49
Q

myocardium is composed of… and it’s location

A

cardiac muscle

surrounding each of the chambers

50
Q

pericardium

A

the double-folded layer of connective tissue that surrounds the heart.

51
Q

pericardial cavity holds a serous fluid, what is it’s function

A

protects the heart from friction.

52
Q

visceral pericardium

A

inner layer of this double fold

53
Q

parietal pericardium

A

outer membrane, closest to the body wall,

54
Q

Another name for the visceral pericardium is the epicardium, why

A

it is the structure on top of the heart.

55
Q

transmural

A

Term used to describe a heart disorder that is through the wall of the heart.

56
Q

transmural infarct

A

tissue death (an infarct) that extends through the entire thickness of the heart wall from the endocardium to the epicardium.

57
Q

Deoxygenated blood is returned to the heart through

A

venae cavae
Superior returns blood from upper body
Inferior returns blood from lower body

58
Q

Blood is squeezed from the right atrium (RA) to the right ventricle (RV) through

A

tricuspid valve (TV).

59
Q

annulus

A

fibrous ring at the base of each valve

60
Q

Sept/o

A

Septum

61
Q

Trabecul/o

A

Trabecula

62
Q

Valv/o, valvul/o

A

Valve

63
Q

Epicardi/o

A

Epicardium

64
Q

Apicbo

A

Apix

65
Q

Atri/o

A

Atrium

66
Q

Auricul/o

A

Auricular

67
Q

Ventricul/o

A

Ventricle

68
Q

Transmural terminology

A

Trans: through
Mur/o: wall
Al: pertaining to

69
Q

Valves are considered to be competent (capable) if

A

they open and close properly, letting through or holding back an expected amount of blood.

70
Q

blood is squeezed out through the ….. into the pulmonary arteries (PA), which carry …..from…. to….

A

pulmonary semilunar valve
deoxygenated blood
Heart
Lung

71
Q

bicuspid valve has

A

two leaflets (cusps) that are attached to two nipple-like papillary muscles by the chordae tendineae

72
Q

chordae tendineae

A

cordlike tendons.

73
Q

What opens and closes the heart valves.

A

Papillary muscles

74
Q

tricuspid valve has

A

three leaflets attached to three papillary muscles, connected again by chordae tendineae.

75
Q

The main pulmonary artery (pulmonary trunk) divides into

A

right and left arteries to supply each lung.

76
Q

conus arteriosus

A

cone-shaped extension of the right ventricle into the pulmonary trunk. I

77
Q

oxygenated blood continues its journey back from the lungs to the left side of the heart through

A

pulmonary veins (PV).

78
Q

Oxygenated blood then enters the heart through … and has to pass…

A

left atrium

mitral valve

79
Q

mitral valve

A

Biscupid valve between left atrium and left ventricle

80
Q

When the left ventricle contracts

A

the blood finally pushes out through the aortic semilunar valve into the aorta and begins yet another cycle through the body.

81
Q

Aorta parts

A

first part of the aorta, the ascending aorta, rises toward the head, then bends into the aortic arch and continues downward through the chest as the descending thoracic aorta. Once it passes the diaphragm, it is termed the abdominal aorta.

Terminology 2 (4 decks)

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