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IM > HEMA > Flashcards

HEMA Flashcards

1
Q

Inhibits both ALK and ROS 1 tyrosine kinases, commonly constitutively active in certain NSCLC

A

Crizotinib

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2
Q

HDAC inhibitor, epigenetic modulation

A

Vorinostat

Commonly used in cutaneous T cell lymphoma

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3
Q

Competitive inhibitor of ATP-binding site of the EGFR

A

Erlotinib
- used in NSCLC

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4
Q

inhibits proteolytic degradation of multiple cellular proteins as proteasome inhibitor;

A

Bortezomib
- Used in multiple myeloma

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5
Q

Inhibits Rank Ligand, primary signal for bone removal

A

Denosumab

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6
Q

Binds to HER2 on tumor cell surface and induces receptor internalization

A

Trastuzumab
-used in breast cancer

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7
Q

Blocks PDGFR-a

A

Olaratumab
-used in soft tissue sarcomas

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8
Q

Binds to CD38 on MM cells causing apoptosis by antibody-dependent or complement-mediated cytotoxicity

A

Daratumumab

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9
Q

Gene mutation commonly seen in:
Gliomas
AML
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

A

Isocitrate dehydrogenase I and 2 (IHD 1 and IHD 2)
- lead to the production of 2HG instead of the normal product alpha-ketoglutarate

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10
Q

Gene mutation commonly seen in melanoma

A

BRAF
> also in nonHL, thyroid Ca, ovarian Ca, Lung Cancer, Colorectal Cancer

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11
Q

Gene mutation that facilitate tumoral adaptation to hypoxia

A

HIF1 mutation
- seen in bladder, brain, breast, and others

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12
Q

Most common side effect of VEGF inhibitors

A

Hypertension

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13
Q

Rare but serious potential risk of VEGF inhibitor

A

Arterial thromboembolic events (stroke, MI)
Hemorrhage
Bowel perforation
Inhibition of wound healing

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14
Q

Monoclonal antibodies against target antigens

Rituximab

A

Anti-CD20

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15
Q

Monoclonal antibodies against target antigens

Alemtuzumab

A

Anti CD52

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16
Q

Monoclonal antibodies against target antigens

Blinatumomab

A

Anti-CD19

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17
Q

Monoclonal antibodies against target antigens

Moxetumumab

A

Anti CD 22

18
Q

Monoclonal antibodies against target antigens

Brentuximab

A

Anti CD30

19
Q

MOA of Bevacizumab

A

Inhibits VEGF to block angiogenesis

20
Q

MOA of Denosumab

A

Inhibits RANK LIGAND

21
Q

MOA of Everolimus

A

Inhibits MTOR

22
Q

Venetoclax

A

Inhibits Bcl-2

23
Q

Methotrexate toxicity

A

Diarrhea
Stomatitis
Myelosuppression

24
Q

Methotrexate toxicity is augmented by

A

renal dysfunction
Drugs: salicylates, probenecid, NSAIDs

25
Q

Leucovorin lessen the toxicity of

A

Methotrexate

26
Q

Mesna lessen the toxicity of

A

Cyclophosphamide

27
Q

Dexrazoxane lessen the toxicity of

A

Doxorubicin

28
Q

Vitamin B12 and folic acid lessen the toxicity of

A

Pemetrexed

29
Q

Agents used clinically to mobilize marrow hematopoietic stem cells for transplant

A

Plerixafor
GCSF

=macrocyclic compounds that can block CXCR4

30
Q

Transcription factor associated with

Self-renewal

A

Homeobox or Hox

HoxB4- capable of self-renewal of stem cells through its DNA binding motif.
- associated with leukemia

31
Q

Transcription factor associated with

Normal determination of segment identity in the developing embryo

A

Asx11
- associated with myelodysplastic syndromes and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia

32
Q

Transcription factor associated with

Chromatin remodeling

A

BMI1
- major component of the polycomb group complex 1 (PRV1)
- associated with mantle cell lymphoma and leukemia

33
Q

Transcription factor associated with

epigenetic modifiers

A

DNMT3A
- Acute Myeloid Leukemia

34
Q

Hereditary Spherocytosis
: molecular studies demonstrating mutation in what gene

A

ANK1
- encoding ankyrin
- account for majority of HS

35
Q

BM Morphology:

Fatty replacement with hematopoietic cells occupying <25% of the marrow space

A

Aplastic Anemia

36
Q

BM Morphology

• Normal or hypercellular marrow
• Dyserythropoietic changes (especially nuclear abnormalities) and ringed sideroblasts in the erythroid lineage
• Hypogranulation and hyposegmentation in granulocytic precursors, with possible increase in myeloblasts
• Megakaryocytes showing reduced numbers of or disorganized nuclei

A

Myelodysplastic Anemia

37
Q

BM Morphology

Proliferation of plasma cells in
BM: large pleomorphic cells with eccentric nuclei and perinuclear clearing, prominent nucleoli, some having a cartwheel configuration

A

Multiple Myeloma

38
Q

BM MORPHOLOGY

Classic Reed-Sternberg cells, which are large binucleated cells with abundant cytoplasm,

A

pathognomonic for Hodgkin’s lymphoma

39
Q

Classic triad of PNH

A

Hemolytic Anemia
Pancytopenia
Venous thrombosis

40
Q

Deficiency of these proteins in PNH making them vulnerable to complement-mediated destruction of RBCs

A

CD 55 and CD 59

-due to shortage in Glycolipid molecule GP1 (mutation in PIGA gene)

41
Q

Confirmatory diagnostic for PNH using FLAER

A

At least 5% rbc and 20% of granulocytes are CD55 and CD 59 negative

42
Q

Diminished cell in Aplastic Anemia

A

CS 34+ (hematopoietic stem cells

IM (7 decks)

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