Gastro Flashcards

1
Q

Indicators for severe DCI

A

Leukoctyosus at >=15000
Crea >= 1.5 mg/dl

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2
Q

Fulminant CDI

A

Severe CDI + hypotension, shock, ileus, megalcolon

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3
Q

High risk for recurrent CDI

A

Age >65 yo
Immunocompromised
Severe CDI on presentation
Prior ep of CDI in the past 6months

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4
Q

Suggestive findings on CT of Appendicitis

A

> Dilatation >6 mm with wall thickening
A lumen that does not fill with enteric contrast
Fatty tissue stranding or air surrounding the appendix (inflammation)

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5
Q

Ultrasounf findings suggestive of appendicitis:

A

Wall thickening
Increased appendiceal diameter
Presence of free fluid

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6
Q

Etiology of travelers diarrhea associated with cruise ships

A

Norovirus

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7
Q

Single most important agent in travelers diarrhea

A

ETEC

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8
Q

Major cause of dysentery in travelers diarrhea

A

Shigella

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9
Q

Travelers diarrhea

  • etiology in hikers and campers who drinks from freshwater streams
A

Giardia lamblia

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10
Q

Travelers diarrhea

Etiology resistant to chlorin

A

Cryptosporidium

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11
Q

Most common cause of intestinal obstruction

A

Post op adhesions

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12
Q

Most common site of volvolus

A

Sigmoid

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13
Q

Xray: coffee bean shaped dilated shadow

A

Volvolus

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14
Q

Risk factors for volvolus

A

Institutionalization
Neuropsychiatric conditions requiring psychotropic medication
Chronic constipation
Aging (70s or 80s)

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15
Q

Ct scan findings of cecal volvlus

A

Whorl deformity
Birds beak
C looo

Surgical decompression (laparotomy/laparoscopy)

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16
Q

Most common site of GI TB

17
Q

Abdominal xray: staircasing” pattern of dilated air and fluid-filled small-bowel loops >2.5 cm in diameter with little or no air seen in the colon

18
Q

• Mesenteric venous gas
• Pneumatosis intestinalis
• Pneumoperitoneum

A

Late findings (presence of bowel necrosis): Intestinal ischemia

19
Q

Most specific early finding of Intestinal Ischemia

A

Altered bowel wall enhancement

20
Q

True or False

Rectum is usually spared in colonic diverticula

A

True

> most common affecting the colon is pseudodiverticula

21
Q

most common cause of hematochezia in patients >60 years

A

Diverticula

Onlr 20% will have bleeding

Factors for increased risk of bleeding:
> Hypertension
> Presence of atherosclerosis
> Patients with regular use of antithrombotic therapy
> Regular use of NSAIDS
> Obesity
• Diabetes mellitus

22
Q

• Sigmoid diverticula
• Thickened colonic wall >4 mm
• Inflammation within the pericolic fat with or without the collection of contrast material or fluid

A

CT findings of Diverticulitis (confirming colon infection + inflammation)

Mgt Bowel rest
Antibiotics if Symptomatic Uncomplicated DD no difference

23
Q

Hinchey classification of Diverticulitis
I
II
III
IV

A

Confined abscess
Distant abscess
Noncommunication
Free communication with the peritoneum

24
Q

Causes of Mesenteri. vascular Insufficiency

Chronic:
Acute
Venous
Non occlusive

A

Chronic: atherosclerotic
Acute thrombosis and embolism
Venous hypercoagulable
Non occlusive acute hemodynamic instability

25
part of colon at risk for colonic ischemia)
descending and sigmoid colon (Sudeck's point:
26
Markers if poor prognosis in hepatitis
Initial presenting features such as ascites, peripheral edema, and hepatic encephalopathy Lab features prolonged PT low serum albumin level hypoglycemia, and very high serum bilirubin