Heller Ch. 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Fick Principle on flow

A

Q = (tissue consumption; X[TC]) / ([X]a-[X]v)
a=arterial
v=veinous

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2
Q

Ejection Fraction

A

Calculated from an echo

EF = SV/EDV

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3
Q

Normal Ejection Fraction

A

55-80%

Mean is 67%

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4
Q

End-diastolic pressure/volume relationship

A

Assesses cardiac contractility

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5
Q

How an ECG works

A

Electrodes record the small potential differences b/w various recording sites that vary during the cardiac cycle

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6
Q

T wave shape

A

Less peaked than QRS complex because it is less synchronized

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7
Q

AV nodal gap

A

There are too few cells to detect a dipole

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8
Q

Einthoven’s ECG conventions

A

Leads make an equilateral triangle on the thorax

Deflection indicates a voltage difference

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9
Q

Dipole

A

Points in the direction of the conduction

Patient’s left and down are positive

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10
Q

Mean electrical axis

A

Orientation of the dipole during the most intense phase of ventricular depolarization

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11
Q

Normal mean electrical axis

A

Anywhere in the patient’s lower left quadrant

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12
Q

Left axis deviation

A

In the patient’s upper left quadrant
Heart is offset to the left;
Left ventricle hypertrophy; OR
Loss of electrical activity in the right ventricle

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13
Q

Right axis deviation

A

In the patient’s lower right quadrant
Heart is offset to the right;
Right ventricle hypertrophy; OR
Loss of electrical activity in the left ventricle

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14
Q

ECG lead arrangement

A

The equilateral triangle with three inner leads from the vertices and meeting in the center (center is negative)
And then six leads from right sternum to left lat

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