Heller Ch. 1

Question 1

What 3 conditions does the CV system regulate to control the composition of interstitial fluid?

Answer 1

1. Blood flow through capillaries
2. The chemical composition of the incoming blood is controlled to be that which is optimal in the interstitial fluid
3. Short diffusion distances

Question 2

What are the major body fluid compartments and what are the volumes in each?

Answer 2

Circulating plasma compartment (3L)
Intracellular compartment (30L)
Interstitial compartment (12L)

Question 3

What is the relationship between flow and blood pressure and vascular resistance?

Answer 3

Q = dP/R

Question 4

What is the relationship of resistance and tube radius?

Answer 4

R is proportional to r^-4

Question 5

What is the relationship of resistance and fluid viscosity?

Answer 5

R is proportional to viscosity (Ex: anemia decreases viscosity–>decreases resistance to flow)

Question 6

What causes dramatic increases in heart rate?

Answer 6

Increased blood flow in other areas–dilated blood vessels (exercise, anaphylaxis, etc)

Question 7

What causes dramatic decreases in heart rate?

Answer 7

Innate heart problem (arrhythmia)

Question 8

What 5 factors are essential to proper ventricular pumping action?

Answer 8

1. Contraction must be regular and synchronized
2. Valves must not be stenotic
3. Valves must not be insufficient or regurgitant
4. Muscle contractions must be forceful
5. Ventricles must fill adequately during diastole

Question 9

What are sympathetic effects on the heart?

Answer 9

Increases heart rate

Increases contractility

Question 10

What does elastin in arteries allow?

Answer 10

Elastin allows the arteries to stretch during systole and then contract during diastole

Question 11

Where is blood flow mostly regulated?

Answer 11

Arterioles because of there thick smooth musculature–usually in contracted position

Question 12

What is the effect of NE (sympathetic) on vasculature via alpha-adrenergic receptors?

Answer 12

NE causes metabolic vasoconstriction (both arteries and veins)

Question 13

What is the effect of Ach (parasympathetic) on vasculature?

Answer 13

Cholinergic dilation

Question 14

What is difference between alpha and beta adrenergic receptors?

Answer 14

Alpha is in the vessels

Beta is in the heart

Question 15

Catecholamine…What is it?

Answer 15

Fancy lingo for epinephrine/norepinephrine