helen- Cognition Flashcards
What year was Butler, Chapman etc.?
2006
What are the strengths of Butler, Chapman etc.?
Superior to psychodynamic at follow up
What are the weakness of Butler, Chapman etc.?
Need for a comprehensive treatment comparison - few compare CBT to active treatment
Interpersonal psychotherapy better than CBT for severely depressed patients
Hoffman, Asanni etc. (2012)
- many metas = small samples + inadequate controls (average 30pps per study- 332 studies)
- mostly adults working age, no minorities
- lack of other behaviour e.g. criminal
What are the results of Butler, Chapman etc.?
Large effect size for CBT for unipolar dep., GAD, PTSD and anxiety
CBT superior to antidep for treating adult dep.
Equally as effective as BA for adult dep. and OCD
CBT superior to psychodynamic at follow up
What year was Longmore and Worrell?
2006
What are the results of Longmore and Worrell?
Comprehensive review of component studies ->
Specific cog interventions signif increase the effectiveness of the therapy - little evidence of this… ->
Minimal evidence that cog change is the causal role in symptomatic improvements in CBT - CBT improvements have been associated with rapid improvement prior to intro of cog element
What year was Hoffman, Assani etc.?
2012
What are the weaknesses of Hoffman, Assani etc.?
Small samples and inadequate controls
Most adults of working age - no ethnic minorities or low income
Not enough evidence to draw conclusions for other behaviours e.g. criminal
What are the results of Hoffman, Assani etc.?
Review of 106 representative meta-analyses
Strongest support for CBT for anxiety, somato form disorders, bulimia, anger
Mixed evidence for efficacy of CBT for Dep, dysthimia and bipolar
Results for depression:
- CBT more effective than control (e.g. waiting list) - medium effect size
Mixed results compared to active treatments. Beltman (2010) = equally as effective, Jorm (2008) = superior to relaxation, Chan (2006) = meds useful addition to CBT
Results for anxiety:
- reliable 1st line approach
- superior to meds long term
- good effect on secondary symp e.g. sleep
What are the strengths of Hoffman, Assani etc.?
Reviews in kids + elderly along with adults
Strongest support for anxiety, bulimia, anger and stress
CBT fits with overall goal of psychiatry - to relieve symptoms and achieve overall remission
What year was Westbrook and Kirk? And what was it all about?
2005
Only 50% of people who have CBT significantly benefit
What year was Vittengl, Clark etc.? What was it all about?
2007
Meta-analyses of relapse in CBT for depression
Negatives: 29% relapsed within 1 year (CBT for dep), 54% relapsed within 2 years, small no. of studies compared (3-5) - majority white pps
Positive: better still than medication. Bockting (2018) - suggested CBT could be used as a good preventive measure to stop relapse in ADM
What year was David and Montgomery? What was that all about?
2011
Process research
It is still unclear how CBT works. The therapeutic package is derived from the theory about mechanisms of change and is scientifically evaluated
What year was Hollon and DeRubeis? What was it about?
2004
Changes in cognition during CBT predicted changes in symptoms (process research)
What year was Jarrett et al? What was it all about?
2007
Changes in cognitive content (think that’s what the word is looool) in CBT for depression were as predicted by the cog model, but those changes did not predict therapeutic outcome.
Improvement in depressive symptomology predicted changes in cognition
