Hegner Flashcards by Zoe Schorr

It takes about twice as much force to stretch a spring twice as far.

Hooke’s Law

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A ____ force always pushes or pulls the object towards the equilibrium position

restoring

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The ____ indicates how often a periodical process is repeated in one second.

frequency

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The maximum distance of the object from its equilibrium position.

Amplitude

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When dealing with a spring, the force ____ with distance, so the average is half the maximum value.

increases linearly

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The maximum displacement of a vibrating object.

Amplitude

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A ____ is a disturbance that propagates through space and time, usually with transference of energy.

wave

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

____ waves have a propagation direction.

Plane

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

____ waves propagate radial.

Spherical

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

____ waves: Excitation longitudinal to the propagation direction

Transversal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

____ wave: transversal wave, the excitation vector has a constant direction

Polarized

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The external force exerted on an object per its unit surface area.

Stress

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A material is said to be ____ if it deforms under
stress, but then returns to its original shape when the stress is removed.

elastic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This type of deformation is reversible.

Elastic deformation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Measures the change of shape of an object subject to stress

Strain

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The stretching force per unit area

Tensile Stress

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

(tensile stress) / (tensile strain)

Young’s modulus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

____ stress causes compression or expansion strain

Hydraulic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Amount of energy before material fracture

Toughness

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ability to absorb energy during elastic deformation

Resilience

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The net force that the fluid exerts on either face of the plate acts ____ to the face.

perpendicular

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Density is defined as

mass / volume

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Any pressure applied to a confined fluid will be transmitted undiminished to all parts of the fluid

Pascal’s principle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pressure is defined as

Force / unit Area

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Gas experiments where the temperature is constant.

Isothermal

Gas experiments where the pressure is constant.

isobaric

0th Law of Thermodynamics

In a thermal equilibrium, every part of the system has the same temperature.

The Ideal Gas Law

PV = nRT | Pressure * Volume = # moles * Temperature * R = 8.314 J/(K mol)

The sum of the partial pressures of all the component gases is the same as the total pressure of the gas mixture.

Dalton's Law

The study of thermal energy, its movement, and its transformation.

Thermodynamics

1st Law of Thermodynamics

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed. It shall be conserved.

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

The increase in the energy of a closed system = the energy added to the system

3rd Law of Thermodynamics

As a system approaches absolute zero, all processes cease & the entropy of the system approaches a minimum value

The absolute value of ____ is the area under the curve of the pressure as a function of volume.

work

Energy that flows as a result of temperature difference.

Heat

The quantity of heat absorbed or liberated, by the body per unit temperature change.

Heat capacity

The quantity of heat absorbed or liberated by a substance in order to change a substance from one phase to another phase without a temperature change.

Latent Heat

The quantity of heat required per unit mass to change the substance from the solid phase to the liquid phase without a change in temperature.

Heat of fusion

The quantity of heat required per unit mass to change a substance from the liquid phase to the vapour phase without a change in temperature.

Heat of vaporization

* Take place at constant volume * Heat is supplied to the system from a hotter source. * Work done on the system is zero. * Internal energy increases with the temperature.

Isochoric Processes

____ processes, in which W is 0 and volume is constant

Isochoric

____ Processes, in which temperature is constant and DU is 0

Isothermal

____ Processes, in which pressure is constant

Isobaric

____ processes, in which there is no heat exchange with the environment.

Adiabatic

A measure of the kinetic energy associated with molecular motion.

Temperature

____ energy of the particles in a given body is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of the body.

Kinetic

____ energy of the particles is due to electrostatic interactions of the electrons and the nuclei which exert forces on each other.

Potential

____ energy of a body is the sum of potential energy and kinetic energy of the molecules in the body.

Total internal

For an ____, the intermolecular forces are assumed to be negligible and thus, potential energy is zero.

ideal gas

____ exists for two bodies which are in thermal contact with no net flow of heat between them.

Thermal equilibrium

What is a triple point?

The triple point of a substance happens when all three phases occur simultaneously.

This is where one object transfers heat directly through contact with another object.

Conductive heat transfer

This is when heat is transferred by radiating off of an object.

Radiation heat transfer

This is where heat is carried from one object by a fluid motion in a gas or liquid.

Convective heat transfer

The linear path covered in-between two collisions is defined as

The mean-free path

The ____ force is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced

buoyant

The fraction of the object that is submerged is equal to the

(object density) / (fluid density)

When an object is immersed in a fluid, the fluid exerts an upward force on the object equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.

Archimede's Principle

Buoyancy is equal to

(fluid density) * (volume displaced) * g

Floats

Sinks

Density of object < density of water

Floats

Density object > density of water

Sinks

The fluid has a constant density throughout

Incompressible fluid

The resistance of a fluid to flow

Viscosity

A situation in which layers of fluid slide smoothly past each other.

Laminar flow

The flow is irregular and complex, with mixing and eddies.

Turbulent Flow

A family of curved lines that are tangential to the velocity vector of the flow.

Streamlines

The fluid flows ____ when it passes through a section of the tube with a smaller cross-section.

faster

It states that an increase in the ____ of an ideal dynamic fluid is accompanied by a drop in its pressure.

speed | Bernoulli's law

Flow rate is defined as

The volume flowing per unit time

Laminar flow is established when

1. flow lines in the fluid never cross each other, and 2. flow tubes never penetrate each other

What is reynold's number

The point at which velocity is high enough to change a streamline flow to a turbulent flow.