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PYU11F10 > Hegner > Flashcards

Hegner Flashcards

1
Q

It takes about twice as much force to stretch a spring twice as far.

A

Hooke’s Law

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2
Q

A ____ force always pushes or pulls the object towards the equilibrium position

A

restoring

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3
Q

The ____ indicates how often a periodical process is repeated in one second.

A

frequency

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4
Q

The maximum distance of the object from its equilibrium position.

A

Amplitude

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5
Q

When dealing with a spring, the force ____ with distance, so the average is half the maximum value.

A

increases linearly

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6
Q

The maximum displacement of a vibrating object.

A

Amplitude

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7
Q

A ____ is a disturbance that propagates through space and time, usually with transference of energy.

A

wave

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8
Q

____ waves have a propagation direction.

A

Plane

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9
Q

____ waves propagate radial.

A

Spherical

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10
Q

____ waves: Excitation longitudinal to the propagation direction

A

Transversal

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11
Q

____ wave: transversal wave, the excitation vector has a constant direction

A

Polarized

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12
Q

The external force exerted on an object per its unit surface area.

A

Stress

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13
Q

A material is said to be ____ if it deforms under
stress, but then returns to its original shape when the stress is removed.

A

elastic

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14
Q

This type of deformation is reversible.

A

Elastic deformation

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15
Q

Measures the change of shape of an object subject to stress

A

Strain

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16
Q

The stretching force per unit area

A

Tensile Stress

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17
Q

(tensile stress) / (tensile strain)

A

Young’s modulus

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18
Q

____ stress causes compression or expansion strain

A

Hydraulic

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19
Q

Amount of energy before material fracture

A

Toughness

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20
Q

Ability to absorb energy during elastic deformation

A

Resilience

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21
Q

The net force that the fluid exerts on either face of the plate acts ____ to the face.

A

perpendicular

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22
Q

Density is defined as

A

mass / volume

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23
Q

Any pressure applied to a confined fluid will be transmitted undiminished to all parts of the fluid

A

Pascal’s principle

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24
Q

Pressure is defined as

A

Force / unit Area

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25
Q

Gas experiments where the temperature is constant.

A

Isothermal

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26
Q

Gas experiments where the pressure is constant.

A

isobaric

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27
Q

0th Law of Thermodynamics

A

In a thermal equilibrium, every part of the system has the same temperature.

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28
Q

The Ideal Gas Law

A

PV = nRT

Pressure * Volume = # moles * Temperature * R = 8.314 J/(K mol)

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29
Q

The sum of the partial pressures of all the component gases is the same as the total pressure of the gas mixture.

A

Dalton’s Law

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30
Q

The study of thermal energy, its movement, and its transformation.

A

Thermodynamics

31
Q

1st Law of Thermodynamics

A

Energy can neither be created nor
destroyed. It shall be conserved.

32
Q

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

A

The increase in the energy of a closed system = the energy added to the system

33
Q

3rd Law of Thermodynamics

A

As a system approaches absolute zero, all processes cease & the entropy of the system approaches a minimum value

34
Q

The absolute value of ____ is the area under the curve of the pressure as a function of volume.

A

work

35
Q

Energy that flows as a result of temperature difference.

A

Heat

36
Q

The quantity of heat absorbed or liberated, by the body per unit temperature change.

A

Heat capacity

37
Q

The quantity of heat absorbed or liberated by a substance in order to change a substance from one phase to another phase without a temperature change.

A

Latent Heat

38
Q

The quantity of heat required per unit mass to change the substance from the solid phase to the liquid phase without a change in temperature.

A

Heat of fusion

39
Q

The quantity of heat required per unit mass to change a substance from the liquid phase to the vapour phase without a change in temperature.

A

Heat of vaporization

40
Q
  • Take place at constant volume
  • Heat is supplied to the system from a hotter source.
  • Work done on the system is zero.
  • Internal energy increases with the
    temperature.
A

Isochoric Processes

41
Q

____ processes, in which W is 0 and volume is constant

A

Isochoric

42
Q

____ Processes, in which temperature is constant and DU is 0

A

Isothermal

43
Q

____ Processes, in which pressure is constant

A

Isobaric

44
Q

____ processes, in which there is no heat exchange with the environment.

A

Adiabatic

45
Q

A measure of the kinetic energy associated with molecular motion.

A

Temperature

46
Q

____ energy of the particles in a given body is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of the body.

A

Kinetic

47
Q

____ energy of the particles is due to electrostatic interactions of the electrons and the nuclei which exert forces on each other.

A

Potential

48
Q

____ energy of a body is the sum of potential energy and kinetic energy of the molecules in the body.

A

Total internal

49
Q

For an ____, the intermolecular forces are assumed to be negligible and thus, potential energy is zero.

A

ideal gas

50
Q

____ exists for two bodies which are in thermal contact with no net flow of heat between them.

A

Thermal equilibrium

51
Q

What is a triple point?

A

The triple point of a substance happens when all three phases occur simultaneously.

52
Q

This is where one object transfers heat directly through contact with another object.

A

Conductive heat transfer

53
Q

This is when heat is transferred by radiating off of an object.

A

Radiation heat transfer

54
Q

This is where heat is carried from one object by a fluid motion in a gas or liquid.

A

Convective heat transfer

55
Q

The linear path covered in-between two collisions is defined as

A

The mean-free path

56
Q

The ____ force is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced

A

buoyant

57
Q

The fraction of the object that is submerged is equal to the

A

(object density) / (fluid density)

58
Q

When an object is immersed in a fluid, the fluid exerts an upward force on the object equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.

A

Archimede’s Principle

59
Q

Buoyancy is equal to

A

(fluid density) * (volume displaced) * g

60
Q
A

Floats

61
Q
A

Sinks

62
Q

Density of object < density of water

A

Floats

63
Q

Density object > density of water

A

Sinks

64
Q

The fluid has a constant density throughout

A

Incompressible fluid

65
Q

The resistance of a fluid to flow

A

Viscosity

66
Q

A situation in which layers of fluid slide smoothly past each other.

A

Laminar flow

67
Q

The flow is irregular and complex, with mixing and eddies.

A

Turbulent Flow

68
Q

A family of curved lines that are tangential to the velocity vector of the flow.

A

Streamlines

69
Q

The fluid flows ____ when it passes through a section of the tube with a smaller cross-section.

A

faster

70
Q

It states that an increase in the ____ of an ideal dynamic fluid is accompanied by a drop in its pressure.

A

speed

Bernoulli’s law

71
Q

Flow rate is defined as

A

The volume flowing per unit time

72
Q

Laminar flow is established when

A
  1. flow lines in the fluid never cross each other, and
  2. flow tubes never penetrate each other
73
Q

What is reynold’s number

A

The point at which velocity is high enough to change a streamline flow to a turbulent flow.

PYU11F10 (3 decks)

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