Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Q5 GNMD > HEENT QUIZ 3 - EAR > Flashcards

HEENT QUIZ 3 - EAR Flashcards

1
Q

incidence of AOM

A

-peak at 6-24 months
-70 % of infants will have at least one infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

risk factors for AOM

A

-family of smokers
-fhx
-daycare
-lack of breastfeeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pathogenesis of AOM

A

-ET dysfunction, usually follows URI
-in children, ET is shorter and more horizontal which causes issues with drainage, therefore bacteria will proliferate and cause ciliary dismotility.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

symptoms of AOM

A

-oltagia
-diarrhea and vomit
-high fever
-irritability
-decreased oral intake –can lead to hypoglycemia, dehydration and respiratory distress in infants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

AOM findings

A

-red TM
-decreased light reflex
-bulging of the tm with effusion - difficult to see the malleus
-drainage with TM rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

is AOM usually unilateral or bilateral

A

Acute otitis media is usually unilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bacterial causes of AOM

A

-strep pneumoniae (G+)
-Hemophilus influenzae (G-)
-m. cat moxarella catarrhalis (G+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

TX for AOM

A

Amoxicillin for initial and uncomplicated AOM
-topical benzocaine ear drops for pain , unless TM is ruptured

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

who should receive immediate antibiotics for AOM

A

-infants less that 6 months old
-toxic appearing
-immunocompromised
- craniofacial abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

without risk how long should you wait for tx of AOM

A

observe for 48-72 hours, treat if no improvement after 48 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Chronic otitis media (COM) definition

A

recurrent or persistent infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what type of hearing loss is associated with chronic otitis media?

A

conductive hearing loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Common PE finding for COM

A

perforation of the tympanic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Will pt have pain with COM ?

A

pain may or may not be present with COM
-if rupture happens, may not have pain with this if fluid drains from the ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

which other middle ear disorder is associated with COM?

A

cholestotoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which middle ear disorder can lead to acute mastoiditis ?

A

acute otitis media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Definition of otitis media with effusion (OME)

A

serous effusion of middle ear – not pus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

can otitis media be tx with antibiotics?

A

no, its not an infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

causes of OME

A

-Allergic rhinitis
-smokers with allergies
-large adenoids
-ET blockage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what will be seen in a PE of OME?

A

-TM will be retracted and immobile
-bubbles, fluid/air levels seen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

will there be hearing loss in OME ?

A

yes, OME is associated with conductive hearing loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

symptoms in Bollous myringitis ?

A

-severe pain
-clear, watery discharge
-short lasting symptoms
-sudden onset

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

ear findings in bollous myringitis ?

A

-vesicles (blisters) in the MT
- clear, watery discharges- pain usually goes away after it drains
-intact TM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the usual etiology of bollous myringitis

A

viral etiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

persistant, malodorous watery discharge is commonly seen in?

A

cholesteatoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

possible complications of cholesteatoma

A

-bone erosion
-meningitis
-facial muscle paralysis
- conductive hearing loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

pathophysiology of cholesteatoma

A
  1. COM causes chronic negative pressure in the middle ear
  2. eardrum is pulled and retracted inward
  3. pars flaccida pulled in forms a sac
  4. sac is filled with debri and becomes granulation tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

fluid in the middle ear eventually turns into a glue like consistency after…

A

chronic otitis media causes cholesteatoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Acute mastoiditis cause

A

acute otitis media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

symptoms seen in acute mastoiditis

A

-subperiosteal abscess
-high fever
- ear discharge
- erythma, edema and tenderness of the mastoid area
-ear my be budging outside of the head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

is acute mastoiditis difficult to treat

A

yes, acute mastoiditis is difficult to treat with antibiotics

32
Q

pt presents with edema, redness and tenderness of mastoid areas following an episode of AOM .What labs should be ordered?

A
  • leukocytosis
  • ESR (look for increases)
  • blood c/s
    to R/O bacteremia
    -MRI to plan surgical tx if needed
33
Q

onset and incidence of ostosclerosis

A

-15-35 y/o
usually familial

34
Q

pathophysiology of otosclerosis

A

-metabolic bone disease
- periosteal bone replaces endochondral bone

34
Q

sx of otosclerosis

A

ankylosis spondylitis: hardening of the stapes causes conductive hearing loss

35
Q

can pts with otosclerosis present with tinnitus

A

75% of patients with otosclerosis present with tinnitus

36
Q

pt is a swimmer and presents with severe pain cant right side, skin is macerated what are possible etiologies

A

Acute otitis externa - swimmers ear
-strep, staph, pseudomonas

37
Q

possible complications of acute otitis externa and what would be the symptoms

A

cellulitis can develop which extends from the epidermis to deeper ear tissue
-if this occurs pt will present with LAO and fever

38
Q

treatment for acute otitis externa

A

-keep water out of ear canal
-antibiotic eardrops
-oral pain meds

39
Q

which external ear disorder is associated with skin conditions

A

chronic otitis externa

40
Q

which skin disorders are associated with chronic otitis externa ?

A
  1. atopic dermatitis
  2. seborrheic dermatitis
  3. psoriasis
41
Q

pt has intense pruritus of the external ear and a hix of psoriasis, likely dx?

A

chronic otitis externa

42
Q

possible complication of chronic otitis externa ?

A

secondary bacterial infection due to sticking things in the ear to scratch

43
Q

pt presents with deformed pinna after getting a piercing , possible dx?

A

perichondritis

44
Q

etiology of perichondritis

A

-trauma
-bacterial(piercing)
-insect bite

45
Q

pathophysiology of perichondritis

A

avuscular necrosis

46
Q

multi-system, episodic inflammation comoon in cartilaginous tissues

A

relapsing polychondritis

47
Q

inital symptoms of relapsing polychondritis

A

ear pain and eythema
-vioelacceous pina is the 1st sx

48
Q

vioelacceous pina is the 1st symptom of what ear disorder

A

relapsing polychondritis

49
Q

later symptoms of relapsing polychondritis

A

joint pain and weight loss

50
Q

what can cause death in a pt with relapsing polychondritis

A

airway cartilage destruction

51
Q

what age group is more commonly associated with relapsing polychondritis

A

middle aged adults

52
Q

what part of the ear is spared in relapsing polychondritis

A

spares the earlobe except the pina

53
Q

what systemic disorder is associated with relapsing polychondritis

A

arthritis

54
Q

cause of herpers zoster oticus

A

sequelae of shingles

55
Q

pt presents with ear rash, loss of taste, dry eyes and mouth. pt reports having severe pain prior to the rash appearing . possible dx?

A

herpes zoster oticus

56
Q

herpes zoster oticus sx

A

-severe ear pain prior to rash
-dry eyes and mouht
-loss of taste

57
Q

ramsay-hunt syndrome is associated with?

A

herpes zoster oticus

58
Q

ramsay-hunt syndrome sx?

A
  1. facial paresis
  2. paroxysmal deep ear pain
  3. vertigo
  4. tinnitus
  5. ipsilateral hearing loss
59
Q

pt presents with ipsilteral ear pain, vertigo, tinnitus, facial weakness and sudden deep ear pain following a shingles episode, possible dx?

A

ramsay-hunt syndrome

60
Q

Onset of meniere’s disease/syndrome

A

usually 50s

61
Q

difference between menieres syndrome and disease

A

syndrome: secondary cause
dz: familial, idiopathic

62
Q

possible causes menieres syndrome

A

thyroid problems
autoimmune disease
syphillis
trauma

63
Q

sx of menieres

A

-sudden onset of vertigo; severe isolated attacks
-nausea and vomiting
-attacks can last hours at a time
-progressive hearing loss : low frequency sounds first
-usually unilateral but 10-15% of cases are bilateral
-tinnitus

64
Q

what type of hearing loss is meniere’s disease

A

sensorineural HL

65
Q

Diagnostic criteria of meneire’s

A
  1. complete neuro exam
  2. weber and rinne test
  3. thyroid studies, electrolytes, glucose
  4. CBC,ESR, ANA, fluorescent treponemal ab (syphillis)
  5. MRI of the brain to R/O acoustic neuroma
  6. dietary cahnges: decrease salt intake, avoid caffeine and decrease tobacco use
66
Q

what causes meneire’s disease

A

endolymphatic HTM

67
Q

incidence of vestibular neuronitis

A

peak in 30s and 40s

68
Q

etiology of vestibular neuronitis

A

viral infection. inflammation of the vestibular division of CNVIIi

69
Q

sx of vestibular neuronitis

A
  1. undirectonal horizontal nystagmus : made better by gaze fixation
  2. abrupt onset of debilitating vertigo
  3. nausea and vomiting

no hearing loss or tinnitus , only vertigo

70
Q

diagnostics for vestibular neuronitis

A

-(+) Romberg test
-CBC, glucose
-MRI if suspicious of CNS cause of vertigo

71
Q

sx of vestibular migraines

A
  • episodic vertigo
    -h/a: not always present
    -interictal symptoms: mild vertigo between attacks, susceptible to motion sickness
72
Q

diagnostic criteria for vestibular migranes

A
  1. at least 5 episodes of vestibular sx of moderate or severe intensity, lasting between 5 to 72 hours
  2. one or more migranes feature with at least 50%of vestibular episodes
  3. hx of migraine headaches
  4. sx not better accounted fro by another dx
73
Q

what type of vertigo and nystagmus is seen in a patient with acoustic neuroma

A

ocassional vertigo, rarely happens if it does it is central vertigo
-vertical nystagmus worsened by gaze fixation and non-fatiguing

74
Q

what is the most common cause of vertigo

A

benign positional vertigo (BPV)

75
Q
A

Q5 GNMD (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions