HEENT PE

Question 1

A condition in which the eyelid is turned outward. Commonly seen in the lower lid that is due to advanced age.

Answer 1

Ectropion

Question 2

A condition in which the eyelid is rolled inward. Can cause scarring of the conjunctiva. This is typically caused by a muscle spasm or inflammation.

Answer 2

Entropion

Question 3

Common infectious disorder of the eyelid that affects the Zeis glands (external) or meibomian gland (internal). Typically caused by staphylococcal bacterium.

Answer 3

Hordeolum

Question 4

Inflammatory condition of the eyelid caused by an obstruction of a meibomian gland drainage duct within the eyelid. This may increase in size over days to weeks and may occasionally become red, warm, or painful.

Answer 4

Chalazion

Question 5

Collection of blood in the anterior chamber of the eye. Caused by blunt trauma or increased intraocular pressure

Answer 5

Hyphema

Question 6

Ruptured vasculature under the conjunctiva. This does not affect vision. Caused by Valsalva maneuvers, trauma (rubbing the eyes), HTN, medications, or idiopathic. Can be painful and irritable.

Answer 6

Sub-conjunctival hemorrhage/hematoma

Question 7

Bilateral swelling of the optic disc due to increased intracranial pressure.

Answer 7

Papilledema

Question 8

Non-cancerous growth in the conjunctival tissue of the eye. Originates on the sclera and extends onto the cornea. This is associated with new vascularization. Also since it can extend over the cornea it can obstruct vision. Risk factors include exposure to sun, dust, sand, or windblown areas

Answer 8

Pterygium

Question 9

This is an eye muscle condition where the eyes are not able to focus together because of the imbalance of the muscles. This causes the brain to get two different images.

Answer 9

Strabismus

Question 10

This is actually a neurological disorder that causes issues with vision. Can be caused by a variety of things such as strabismus, refreaction error, medications, etc.

Answer 10

Amblyopia

Question 11

Double Vision

Answer 11

Diplopia

Question 12

Rapid involuntary movement of the eye (peripheral=horizontal movements typically not pathological, central = vertical movements which are almost always related to a brain or cerebellum lesion)

Answer 12

Nystagmus

Question 13

A hearing test used to distinguish between conductive and sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 13

Weber Test

Question 14

A hearing test used to assess the presence of conductive hearing loss

Answer 14

Rinne Test

Question 15

Way to predict ease of intubation

Answer 15

Mallampati Score

Question 16

Erythematous macules which develop into ulcers that are covered with a yellow-grey membrane in the oral mucosa. Causes: idiopathic, malnutrition, trauma, chronic disease.

Answer 16

Canker Sore or Aphthous Ulcers

Question 17

Yeast infection develops in the oral cavity. Commonly seen in infants, toddlers, and immunocompromised patients.

Answer 17

Oropharyngeal Candidiasis, Oral Thrush, Candida Albicans

Question 18

Mastoid Ecchymosis. Indication of a fracture of the posterior cranial fossa of the skull. May suggest underlying brain trauma.

Answer 18

Battle Signs

Question 19

Periorbital ecchymosis. Signs of a basal skull fracture or subgaleal hematoma.

Answer 19

Raccoon Eyes

Question 20

Presence of blood in the middle ear

Answer 20

Hemotympanum

Question 21

Form of acute otitis media in which vesicles develop on the tympanic membrane. Can be viral, bacterial, or mycoplasmal related

Answer 21

Bullous Myringitis

Question 22

Internal musical ringing, rushing, or roaring noise

Answer 22

Tinnitus

Question 23

Patient perception of the room or environment is rotating or spinning.

Answer 23

Vertigo

Question 24

Yellow waste products from the retinal pigment epithelium

Answer 24

Drusen

Question 25

Blood and thunder in fundoscopy

Answer 25

Central Retinal Vein Occlusion

Question 26

Cherry macula, pale retina, due to obstruction of retinal blood flow from the thrombus or embolus

Answer 26

Central Retinal Artery Occlusion

Question 27

Swelling or edema of the conjunctiva

Answer 27

Chemosis