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Physical Diagnosis > HEENT Exam > Flashcards

HEENT Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Testing CN V Sensory and Motor

A

Motor: palpate the masseter muscle and have them clench their jaw
Sensory: light touch forhead, cheek, chin bilaterally with cotton tip applicator

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2
Q

Acromegaly

A

Caused by excessive growth hormone

  • large hands and feet
  • excessive facial bone growth, enlarged jaw
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3
Q

Bells palsy

A

Idiopathic facial nerve paralysis on one side of the face

- difficulty closing eye and flattening nasolabial fold

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4
Q

Testing CN II

A

visual acuity

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5
Q

Testing CN III, VI, IV

A

EOM
VI- lateral rectus
IV- superior oblique

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6
Q

CN VII

A

facial expressions

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7
Q

CN IX and X

A

Glossopharyngeal and Vagus

say “ah” and look for sym

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8
Q

CN XII

A

movement of the toungue

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9
Q

CN XI

A

movement of the head and shoulders

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10
Q

Measuring eye accuity

A

Snellen chart- 20ft
Rosenbaum- 14in away
the numurator is what a patient sees at 20 ft
the denomenator is the distance a normal person see that same line
20/40 a normal person could see that at 40ft

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11
Q

Miosis vs Mydriasis

Ansocoria

A

Miosis - is excessive constriction
Mydriasis- excessive dialation
Ansocoria- pupils are unequal in size

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12
Q

What cranial nerve keeps the eyes open and close

A

CN III keeps eye open so problems cause ptosis (droopy eye)

CN VII keeps eye open- problems would cause incomplete closure (seen in bells palsy)

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13
Q

Chalazion Vs. Hordeolum(stye)

A

Non tender blocked sebaceous gland that points inside the lid

tender red infection of eyelid. if on outside its from an eyelash follicle or tear gland. If on the inside its from a mribomian (sebaceous) gland

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14
Q

Dacryocystitis

A

Lacrimal sace inflammation

-inflammation or infection secondary to a blocked nasolacrimal duct.

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15
Q

Entropion vs ectropion

A

inversion of the eyelid vs eversion of the eylid

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16
Q

Pingueculum vs Pterygium

A

yellow triangle growth on bulbar conjuctiva on side of iris and it is harmless- no vision affects

thickening of bulbar conjunctivea that grows slowly across the cornea - can interfere with vision

17
Q

Xanthelasma

A

raised yelllow well circumscribed cholesterol filled plaques
- usually because of hyperlipidemia

18
Q

Episcleritis

A

localized occular inflammation of episcleral vessels

  • central nodule with a radiation of vessels often benign and self limiting
  • may be ass with autoimmune cond.
  • different from injection which is just redness all over
19
Q

Hyphema

A

vissible blood in the anterior chamber of the eye

- usually caused by trauma and it can threaten vision

20
Q

Corneal abrasion

A
  • will have foreign body sensation and possibly photophobia, increase lacrimation,
  • will show up as yello spot with flourescein stain
21
Q

Changes to the vasculature seen with hypertension

A

copper wire: vessels get full and tortuous so they are more red with a coppery luster upon reflection
Silver wire: if vessel walls have now become built up so you cannot see through them then. usually in smaller branches
A-V nicking: artery appears to break the vein (really its jist high pressure so its pushing down

22
Q

Hypertensive Retinopathy

A

Cotton wool patches: soft exudates
- white/gray ovoid lesios with irregular borders from nerve infarction
Hemmorages caused by microaneurysms

23
Q

Diabetic Retinopathy

A
  • will see hemmorhanges with hard exudates ( creamy yellow and appear bright)
  • neovascularization: the formation of new blood vessels from the disk due to abnormal permiability and vascular occlusion
24
Q

Papilledema

A

optic disk swelling that is caused by intracranial pressure

  • sharp cup and disk borders are no longer pressent
  • pt may have HA and nausea
25
Q

Macular degeneration

A

caused by the build up of drusen (cell debris)

26
Q

bitemporal hemianopsia

A

cause defect in both temporal visual fields- problem with optic chiasm

27
Q

L or R homonymous hemianopsia

A

lesion behind chiasm of the opposite side of the one that is affected

28
Q

Esotropia, exotropia, hyertropia, hypotropia

A 
All types of strabismus   
eso-eye going in
exo- eye going out 
hyper-looking up 
hypo- eye looking down
29
Q

Corneal light reflection tests what ?

A

where you touch the cornea with cotton to see a blink

- tests CN V (sensory) and VII (motor)

30
Q

Gouty Tophi

A

deposits of uric acid chrystals after years of eleveated levels ( like in gout)

31
Q

AC>BC

BC>AC

A

Normal or sensorineural (only if acuity is down)

Conductive hearing loss

32
Q

Weber test

A

Put tunnin fork on head and note if there is a difference to which side is louder?
conductive- sound will lateralize to bad ear
sensorineural- sound will lateralize to good ear

Physical Diagnosis (4 decks)

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