Derm Terms Flashcards
eccrine gland
sweat gland over most of the body
- abbundant on palms, soles, and forehead
- does NOT cause odor
Apocrine gland
in axillary and genital regions
- secretes into sac of hair folicle
- mixes with the bacteria and produces the odor
Hair follicle types
Vellus Hairs- short and fine
Terminal Hairs- like on scalp and in the axilla
Morphological characteristics of Skin Lesions
distiribution, shape, arrangment, border, margin, palpation
- localized: in one small area
- Regional: lesions in one part of the body
- Generalized/disseminated: lesions appear widely distributed or in multiple areas simultaneously
Round/Discoid
- coin shape
- no central clearing
- umbillicated: having a small depression in the center
Ovoid
Oval shape
Annular
round with a central clearing and active margins
Dermatomal
following a nerve segment
-notes whether it crosses the midline
Target
pink maccules with purple central papules
Serpiginous
Squiggly line rash
Morbilliform
measles like rash
erythemous maculopapular lesions that become confluent on the face and body
Distinct borders/margins vs. Indistinct
well define and able to draw a line around the area with confidence
-poorly defines and borders merge with normal skin
Erythemous
redness: can be red, pink, salmon, coppery, reddish blue
What to note with the palpation of a lesion
consitency, mobility, blanchable ( when you press on it with a slide does the redness go away). tenderness, depth of lesion, deviation of temperature
ABCDEs of melanoma
asymetry, borders, color, diameter, evolution
Primary vs Secondary lesions
Primary- arise from normal skin and important for diagnosis
Secondary- arise from changes in primary lesions and usually due to exogenous factors like itching
Macule
Prim
- round non palpable
- <1cm in diameter
- circumscribed color change
Patch
Prim
- flat not palpable
- can have an rregular shape
- > 1cm in di
- typ hyper or hypo pigmented
Papule
Prim
- palpable and firm
- <1cm
- circumscribed can be flesh, brown, or red colored
- can be confluent
Plaque
Prim
- elevated and firm
- palpable
- > 1cm in diameter
Nodule
Prim
- elevated and circumscribed
- often >1.5cm
- deeper and firmer than a papule
- can be compressable, soft, rubbery or firm
Tumor
Prim
- Large nodule
- deerer in the dermis
- > 2cm
Wheal
Prim
- irregular shape
- Transient( comes and goes)
- superficial edema
- like a hive (urtucaria) or a welt
Vesicle
Prim
- Elevated
- well circumscribed
- <1cm in di
- contain clear fluid
Bulla
Prim
-elevated and well circumscribed
->1cm
Filled with serous fluid
Pustule
Prim
- elevatedand superficial
- filled with pus
- well circumscribed
Furuncle
Prim
- infection of a single hair
- often with staph aureus
- “boil”
Carbuncle
Prim
- infection of multiple hair follicles
- can form an abscess
Crust
Sec
- dried residue of serum, pus, or blood
- adherent
- like a scab
Scale
sec
- hyperkeratosis
- accumulation of the stratum corneum
- like psoriasis
Fissure
sec
- linear cleft in the skin
- often painful
- caused by dry, rough, low elasticy
Erosion
sec
- partial or complete loss of the epidermis
- moist oozing and/or crusted lesion
Ulcer
sec
-Deeper than an erosion; usually losing part/all of the dermis
Excoriations
Sec
- Exogenous injury to all or part of the dermis
- may be linear or round
- typ due to scratching
Skin Atrophy
- Epidermal
- Dermal
- epidermal: Thinning of the epidermis> wrinkly shiny skin
- Dermal Atropy: loss of dermal collagen and/or elastin which leads to a depresson
ex: stretch marks
Lichenification
Sec
Thickening of the epidermis
increased visability of the skin markings
Petchiae
Vascular lesion
-deep red and purple
-
Purpura
Vascular lesion
- the purple patches that old people get
- deep red and purple
- > .5cm
- round and irregular
- non blanchable
Eccymosis
vasuclar
-bruising
Spider Angiomas
Vascular
- fiery red lesions
- up to 2cm
- usually central body with radiating legs
- BLANCH with pressure
- typically found in healthy women and childre OR liver disease in the elderly
Cherry Angiomas
Vascular - bright red papule - look like red moles 1-6cm non blanchable - genetic
Telangiectasis
Vascular
- per dialated superficial blood vessels
- red to violet in color
- BLANCH
Hemangioma
Vasc
- benign vascular noplasm that is the most comon tumor in infants
- red, irregular lesion from the dialation of dermal capillaries
- will spontaneously involute
Papulosquamous Lesion
Papules, plaques, and scales
Vessiculobullos Lesions
Vessicles and bullae
Maculopapular lesions
Macules and papules
- like drug eruptions
Clubbing of the Finger
rounded and may feel spongy
- if you put the backs of the fingers together and there is no space just above the nail than you have clubbling “schamroth’s sign”
Beau’s lines
transverse depression secondary to trauma or illness
- these will grow out with the nail
Paronychia
inflammation of the proximal and lateral nail folds
Acute is less then 6wks
Onychocryptosis
Ingrown toe nail
Terry’s nails
Mostly white nail with a distal band of red and brown
Leukonychia
trauma to the nail that will cause a white spot
Koilonychia
Spooning of the nail
Onycholysis
Painless separation of the nail from the nailbed
Nail pitting
Small punctate depressions in the nail
-caused by nail matrix inflammation
