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PANCE > HEENT > Flashcards

HEENT Flashcards

1
Q

Tx for orbital cellulitis? (2 abx)

A

Ceftriaxone + Vanco

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2
Q

Mastoiditis usually a complication of what being under or untreated?

A

Acute otitits media

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3
Q

MC sx of mastoiditis?

A

Osteitis

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4
Q

MC bacteria in mastoiditis?

A

Strep Pneumoniae

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5
Q

Tx for mastoiditis?

A

Admit and IV abx

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6
Q

Tx for oropharyngeal candidiasis (aka thrust)? (hint: 2)

A
  1. Topical nystatin (aka oral suspension)

2. PO Fluconazole

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7
Q

PTs with recurrent thrust should be tested for what?

A

HIV

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8
Q

Cause of BPPV?

A

Otolith in labrynth system

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9
Q

DX for BPPV?

A

Dix-Hallpike

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10
Q

TX for BPPV?

A

Eply maneuver

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12
Q

Is peripheral nystagmus ever vertical?

A

NO! That’d be central.

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13
Q

Malodorous discharge and itching from ear canal after swimming?

A

Otitis externa

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14
Q

MC bacteria in otitis exerna?

A

Pseudomonas

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15
Q

Tx for otitis externa?

A

Topical antimicrobial, +/- steroids

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16
Q

Trismus, hot potate voice, uvula pushed away?

A

Peritonsillar abscess

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17
Q

Tx for peritonsillar abscess?

A

I&D or needle aspiration, ABX

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18
Q

Trismus aka

A

lockjaw

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19
Q

Infx of lacrimal sac called?

A

Dacrycocystitis

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20
Q

Microbe of Dacryocystitis?

A

Staph Aureus

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21
Q

Rapid onset, unilateral, severe pain, increased tearing with swelling, red, tender lacrymal sac?

A

Dacryocystitis

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22
Q

Tx for mild Dacryocystitis?

A

Clindamycin

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23
Q

Tx for severe Dacryocystitis?

A

Vancomycin or 3rd gen cephalosporin

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24
Q

Which structure of the ear contains the auditory sensory receptors?

A

Cochlea

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25
Q

Which structure of the ear contains the acceleration receptors?

A

Semicircular canals

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26
Q

Which structure of the ear contains the balance and orientation?

A

Vestibule

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27
Q

What connects middle ear to cochlea?

A

Oval window

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28
Q

Maculopapular rash after starting PCN is which disease?

A

Mono

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29
Q

Cause of rash in mono after PCN?

A

Type III hypersensitivity reaction

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30
Q

When does rash go away after giving PCN for mono?

A

When d/c the abx

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31
Q

Coryza aka

A

Rhinitis

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32
Q

Coryza aka Rhinitis description

A

Irritation and swelling of the mucous membrane in the nose

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33
Q

Which lymph nodes in mono?

A

Posterior cervical

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34
Q

Virus of mono?

A

EBV

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35
Q

How long to avoid contact sports after mono?

A

4 weeks

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36
Q

Acute unilateral painful vision loss, vomiting, seeing halos around lights with cloudy cornea and fixed mid-dilated pupil?

A

Acute angle-closure glaucoma

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37
Q

IOP in acute angle closure glaucoma?

A

> 21

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38
Q

Acute angle-closure glaucoma is caused by closure of what?

A

Closure of anterior chamber

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39
Q

Steamy or hazy cornea with non-reactive and dilated pupil which condition?

A

Acute angle closure glaucoma

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40
Q

What were PTs with acute angle closure glaucoma doing when it started?

A

Going into dark room which dilates pupil and closes anterior chamber

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41
Q

Triangular,benign conjunctival growth on medial side of sclerae?

A

Pterygium

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42
Q

Pterygium aka

A

Surfer’s Eye

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43
Q

Pterygium due to excessive exposure to what?

A

Sunlight

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44
Q

Which lymphnode tender and swollen in viral conjunctivitis?

A

Preauricular

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45
Q

MC virus in viral conjunctivitis?

A

Adenovirus

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46
Q

Tx for viral conjunctivitis

A

Cool compress, artificial tears, antihistamine for itching and redness

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47
Q

Eye lids look like what in Blepharitis? (hint: 3 things)

A

Crusting, scaling, red-rimming

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48
Q

Blepharitis due to dysfunction of what

A

Meibomian gland

49
Q

Tx for blepharitis?

A

warm compress, irrigation, hygeine with baby shampoo, lid massage.

50
Q

Tx for blepharitis flare up?

A

Topical erythromycin or bacitracin

51
Q

Painful grey ulcerations with surrounding erythema?

A

Apthous ulcers aka canker sores

52
Q

When to use abx in sinusitis? (hint 3)

A

Fever >101, symptoms severe, or sx last >7d

53
Q

Tx for bacterial sinusitis?

A

Augmentin x10-14d

54
Q

Optic neuritis usually seconday to which condition?

A

MS

55
Q

Pain with optic neuritis?

A

Yes!

56
Q

Vision loss in optic neuritis one or both eyes?

A

One

57
Q

Loss of which color in optic neuritis?

A

Red

58
Q

Tx for optic neuritis?

A

IV methylprednisolone

59
Q

Which bacterias to cover for when treating mastoiditis? (hint 2)

A

Pseudomonas and MRSA

60
Q

Tx for Pseudomonas in mastoiditis?

A

Cefepime is a good option

61
Q

Tx for MRSA in mastoiditis?

A

IV Vanco

62
Q

What does fluorescein uptake represent?

A

Area of corneal defect

63
Q

Color of fluorescein uptake?

A

Yellow green

64
Q

Color of light used for fluorescein uptake?

A

Blue light. Area of corneal injury appear yellow-green.

65
Q

What causes otitis externa?

A

Change in pH leading to pseudomonas colonization

66
Q

Which bacteria is otitis externa?

A

Pseudomonas

67
Q

Tx for otitis externa?

A

Topical cipro. Can also add hydrocortisone.

68
Q

2 MC causes of retinopathy?

A

DM and HTN

69
Q

What happens to vessels in diabetic retinopathy? (3 things)

A
  1. Leaking
  2. microaneurysms
  3. hypervasculaizations
70
Q

Floaters, red spots, progressive vision loss what condition?

A

retinopathy

71
Q

What are the 2 hemorrhage types called in diabetic retinopathy?

A
  1. Flame-shaped

2. Splinter

72
Q

What are the spots called in diabetic retinopathy?

A

Cotton-wool spots

73
Q

Tx for diabetic retinopathy?

A

Glucose control, laser surgery or virectomy

74
Q

Retinal detachment is when inner layers of retina detach from what?

A

Choroid

75
Q

Retinal detachment painful or painless?

A

PAINLESS vision loss

painful is optic neuritis!

76
Q

Painless vision loss, flashing lights, floaters, curtain lowering which condition?

A

Retinal detachment

77
Q

Retina appears like what in Retinal detachment?

A

Hazy gray with white folds

78
Q

Tx for Retinal detachment

A

immediate ophthalmology consult for surgery

79
Q

MC type Retinal detachment?

A

Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment (RRD)

80
Q

Bacteria in Dacryocystitis?

A

Staph aureus

81
Q

Dacryocystitis secondary to obstruction of what?

A

Nasolacrimal system

82
Q

Dacryocystitis onset?

A

Rapid!

83
Q

Pain in Dacryocystitis?

A

YES

84
Q

Tx for Dacryocystitis

A

IV abx

85
Q

Thick, white, cream exudate in ear canal? (esp after abx)

A

Otomycosis

86
Q

Tx for otomycosis?

A

Topical Clotrimazole

87
Q

MC bacter in OM?

A

H Flu (used to be S Pneumoniae)

88
Q

Fungal species in OE?

A

Aspergillus

89
Q

Eyelid erythema, swelling, painful eye movements, fever what condition?

A

Orbital cellulitis

90
Q

MC microbe in Orbital cellulitis?

A

Staph aureus

91
Q

Dx for Orbital cellulitis?

A

CT

92
Q

Tx for Orbital cellulitis?

A

IV Vanco + Ceftriaxone

93
Q

Pain with eye movement in preseptal cellulitis vs Orbital cellulitis?

A

preseptal=no pain

orbital=pain

94
Q

Proptosis with Orbital cellulitis?

A

Yes! Not with preseptal cellulitis.

95
Q

Causes of hyphema?

A

Trauma, surgery, bleeding disorders

96
Q

Tx of hyphema?

A

Head of bed to 45 degrees, protect eye, call ophthalmology

97
Q

Distortion of waviness in central vision which condition?

A

Age related macular degeneration

98
Q

What are drusen in age related mac degen?

A

yellow-colored subretinal deposits in macula

99
Q

2 types of macular degeneration?

A
  1. Wet

2. Dry (nonexudative)

100
Q

MC type of mac degen?

A

Dry (nonexudative)

101
Q

Dx of age related mac degen?

A

Amsler grid

102
Q

MC cause of blindness in elderly?

A

age related mac degen

103
Q

Define strabismus

A

Misalignment of eyes

104
Q

Define ambylopia

A

Decrease vision in one eye

105
Q

What causes ambylopia

A

untreated strabismus (such as esotropia)

106
Q

Tests for strabismus (2)

A

Cover-uncover test

Light reflex test

107
Q

Acute unilateral painful vision loss, vomiting, halos around lights?

A

Acute angle-closure glaucoma

108
Q

Cornea and pupil in acute angle closure glaucoma?

A

Cloudy cornea. Fixed mid-dilated pupil.

109
Q

Fluoride drops and gels can cause what?

A

Fluorosis (disruption of tooth enamel)

110
Q

Tx of rust ring after iron fb in eye?

A

Refer to ophtholmologist

111
Q

Xray shows what with retropharyngeal abscess

A

Widened retropharyngeal space

112
Q

Dendritic lesions over cornea on fluorescin stain?

A

Herpes keratitis

113
Q

How long to irrigate eye in chemical exposure? When to stop?

A

At least 30 minutes. Stop when pH normalizes to 7-7.2

114
Q

Target pH of eye?

A

7-7.2

115
Q

What to do with lid in corneal abrasion?

A

Lid eversion to check for foreign body

116
Q

Why do EKG in central retinal artery occlusion?

A

Check for afib causing emboli and thyroid

PANCE (6 decks)

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