HEENT Flashcards
1
Q
Tx for orbital cellulitis? (2 abx)
A
Ceftriaxone + Vanco
2
Q
Mastoiditis usually a complication of what being under or untreated?
A
Acute otitits media
3
Q
MC sx of mastoiditis?
A
Osteitis
4
Q
MC bacteria in mastoiditis?
A
Strep Pneumoniae
5
Q
Tx for mastoiditis?
A
Admit and IV abx
6
Q
Tx for oropharyngeal candidiasis (aka thrust)? (hint: 2)
A
- Topical nystatin (aka oral suspension)
2. PO Fluconazole
7
Q
PTs with recurrent thrust should be tested for what?
A
HIV
8
Q
Cause of BPPV?
A
Otolith in labrynth system
9
Q
DX for BPPV?
A
Dix-Hallpike
10
Q
TX for BPPV?
A
Eply maneuver
12
Q
Is peripheral nystagmus ever vertical?
A
NO! That’d be central.
13
Q
Malodorous discharge and itching from ear canal after swimming?
A
Otitis externa
14
Q
MC bacteria in otitis exerna?
A
Pseudomonas
15
Q
Tx for otitis externa?
A
Topical antimicrobial, +/- steroids
16
Q
Trismus, hot potate voice, uvula pushed away?
A
Peritonsillar abscess
17
Q
Tx for peritonsillar abscess?
A
I&D or needle aspiration, ABX
18
Q
Trismus aka
A
lockjaw
19
Q
Infx of lacrimal sac called?
A
Dacrycocystitis
20
Q
Microbe of Dacryocystitis?
A
Staph Aureus
21
Q
Rapid onset, unilateral, severe pain, increased tearing with swelling, red, tender lacrymal sac?
A
Dacryocystitis
22
Q
Tx for mild Dacryocystitis?
A
Clindamycin
23
Q
Tx for severe Dacryocystitis?
A
Vancomycin or 3rd gen cephalosporin
24
Q
Which structure of the ear contains the auditory sensory receptors?
A
Cochlea
25
Q
Which structure of the ear contains the acceleration receptors?
A
Semicircular canals
26
Which structure of the ear contains the balance and orientation?
Vestibule
27
What connects middle ear to cochlea?
Oval window
28
Maculopapular rash after starting PCN is which disease?
Mono
29
Cause of rash in mono after PCN?
Type III hypersensitivity reaction
30
When does rash go away after giving PCN for mono?
When d/c the abx
31
Coryza aka
Rhinitis
32
Coryza aka Rhinitis description
Irritation and swelling of the mucous membrane in the nose
33
Which lymph nodes in mono?
Posterior cervical
34
Virus of mono?
EBV
35
How long to avoid contact sports after mono?
4 weeks
36
Acute unilateral painful vision loss, vomiting, seeing halos around lights with cloudy cornea and fixed mid-dilated pupil?
Acute angle-closure glaucoma
37
IOP in acute angle closure glaucoma?
>21
38
Acute angle-closure glaucoma is caused by closure of what?
Closure of anterior chamber
39
Steamy or hazy cornea with non-reactive and dilated pupil which condition?
Acute angle closure glaucoma
40
What were PTs with acute angle closure glaucoma doing when it started?
Going into dark room which dilates pupil and closes anterior chamber
41
Triangular,benign conjunctival growth on medial side of sclerae?
Pterygium
42
Pterygium aka
Surfer’s Eye
43
Pterygium due to excessive exposure to what?
Sunlight
44
Which lymphnode tender and swollen in viral conjunctivitis?
Preauricular
45
MC virus in viral conjunctivitis?
Adenovirus
46
Tx for viral conjunctivitis
Cool compress, artificial tears, antihistamine for itching and redness
47
Eye lids look like what in Blepharitis? (hint: 3 things)
Crusting, scaling, red-rimming
48
Blepharitis due to dysfunction of what
Meibomian gland
49
Tx for blepharitis?
warm compress, irrigation, hygeine with baby shampoo, lid massage.
50
Tx for blepharitis flare up?
Topical erythromycin or bacitracin
51
Painful grey ulcerations with surrounding erythema?
Apthous ulcers aka canker sores
52
When to use abx in sinusitis? (hint 3)
Fever >101, symptoms severe, or sx last >7d
53
Tx for bacterial sinusitis?
Augmentin x10-14d
54
Optic neuritis usually seconday to which condition?
MS
55
Pain with optic neuritis?
Yes!
56
Vision loss in optic neuritis one or both eyes?
One
57
Loss of which color in optic neuritis?
Red
58
Tx for optic neuritis?
IV methylprednisolone
59
Which bacterias to cover for when treating mastoiditis? (hint 2)
Pseudomonas and MRSA
60
Tx for Pseudomonas in mastoiditis?
Cefepime is a good option
61
Tx for MRSA in mastoiditis?
IV Vanco
62
What does fluorescein uptake represent?
Area of corneal defect
63
Color of fluorescein uptake?
Yellow green
64
Color of light used for fluorescein uptake?
Blue light. Area of corneal injury appear yellow-green.
65
What causes otitis externa?
Change in pH leading to pseudomonas colonization
66
Which bacteria is otitis externa?
Pseudomonas
67
Tx for otitis externa?
Topical cipro. Can also add hydrocortisone.
68
2 MC causes of retinopathy?
DM and HTN
69
What happens to vessels in diabetic retinopathy? (3 things)
1. Leaking
2. microaneurysms
3. hypervasculaizations
70
Floaters, red spots, progressive vision loss what condition?
retinopathy
71
What are the 2 hemorrhage types called in diabetic retinopathy?
1. Flame-shaped
| 2. Splinter
72
What are the spots called in diabetic retinopathy?
Cotton-wool spots
73
Tx for diabetic retinopathy?
Glucose control, laser surgery or virectomy
74
Retinal detachment is when inner layers of retina detach from what?
Choroid
75
Retinal detachment painful or painless?
PAINLESS vision loss
| painful is optic neuritis!
76
Painless vision loss, flashing lights, floaters, curtain lowering which condition?
Retinal detachment
77
Retina appears like what in Retinal detachment?
Hazy gray with white folds
78
Tx for Retinal detachment
immediate ophthalmology consult for surgery
79
MC type Retinal detachment?
Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment (RRD)
80
Bacteria in Dacryocystitis?
Staph aureus
81
Dacryocystitis secondary to obstruction of what?
Nasolacrimal system
82
Dacryocystitis onset?
Rapid!
83
Pain in Dacryocystitis?
YES
84
Tx for Dacryocystitis
IV abx
85
Thick, white, cream exudate in ear canal? (esp after abx)
Otomycosis
86
Tx for otomycosis?
Topical Clotrimazole
87
MC bacter in OM?
H Flu (used to be S Pneumoniae)
88
Fungal species in OE?
Aspergillus
89
Eyelid erythema, swelling, painful eye movements, fever what condition?
Orbital cellulitis
90
MC microbe in Orbital cellulitis?
Staph aureus
91
Dx for Orbital cellulitis?
CT
92
Tx for Orbital cellulitis?
IV Vanco + Ceftriaxone
93
Pain with eye movement in preseptal cellulitis vs Orbital cellulitis?
preseptal=no pain
| orbital=pain
94
Proptosis with Orbital cellulitis?
Yes! Not with preseptal cellulitis.
95
Causes of hyphema?
Trauma, surgery, bleeding disorders
96
Tx of hyphema?
Head of bed to 45 degrees, protect eye, call ophthalmology
97
Distortion of waviness in central vision which condition?
Age related macular degeneration
98
What are drusen in age related mac degen?
yellow-colored subretinal deposits in macula
99
2 types of macular degeneration?
1. Wet
| 2. Dry (nonexudative)
100
MC type of mac degen?
Dry (nonexudative)
101
Dx of age related mac degen?
Amsler grid
102
MC cause of blindness in elderly?
age related mac degen
103
Define strabismus
Misalignment of eyes
104
Define ambylopia
Decrease vision in one eye
105
What causes ambylopia
untreated strabismus (such as esotropia)
106
Tests for strabismus (2)
Cover-uncover test
| Light reflex test
107
Acute unilateral painful vision loss, vomiting, halos around lights?
Acute angle-closure glaucoma
108
Cornea and pupil in acute angle closure glaucoma?
Cloudy cornea. Fixed mid-dilated pupil.
109
Fluoride drops and gels can cause what?
Fluorosis (disruption of tooth enamel)
110
Tx of rust ring after iron fb in eye?
Refer to ophtholmologist
111
Xray shows what with retropharyngeal abscess
Widened retropharyngeal space
112
Dendritic lesions over cornea on fluorescin stain?
Herpes keratitis
113
How long to irrigate eye in chemical exposure? When to stop?
At least 30 minutes. Stop when pH normalizes to 7-7.2
114
Target pH of eye?
7-7.2
115
What to do with lid in corneal abrasion?
Lid eversion to check for foreign body
116
Why do EKG in central retinal artery occlusion?
Check for afib causing emboli and thyroid
