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PANCE > cardiology > Flashcards

cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

Can hypertriglyceridemia improve with strict glucose control in PT with DM?

A

Yes

hypertriglyceridemia may be in part due to diabetes, it is reasonable to treat this patient’s diabetes first and observe if her triglyceride levels improve.

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2
Q

Which type of cardiomyopathy does sarcoidosis cause?

A

Restrictive cardiomyopathy

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3
Q

most common atypical presenting complaint in an elderly patient diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome?

A

Dyspnea. Considered an angina equivalent.

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4
Q

What helps to differentiate heart failure as being systolic or diastolic?

A

Ejection fraction

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5
Q

Drugs which shorten the QT-interval can cause what?

A

Torsades

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6
Q

Heart failure which sound?

A

S3

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7
Q

Which heart sound in diastolic failure and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A

S4

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8
Q

mid-systolic murmur heard best at the second intercostal space near the right sternal border

A

Aortic stenosis

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9
Q

most suggestive of an asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysm?

A

abdominal mass

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10
Q

most common physical finding in patients with infective endocarditis?

A

heart murmur

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11
Q

Which murmur diastolic low-pitched decrescendo murmur best heard at the cardiac apex?

A

Mitral stenosis. Likely d/t rheumatic heart dz.

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12
Q

Ebstein’s anomaly= malformed right atrium and ventricle. What 1 other thing?

A

Tricuspid insufficiency (leaflets attach to RV wall)

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13
Q

Right axis deviation in newborns <1mo normal?

A

Yes normal. D/C and send home.

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14
Q

diastolic, rumbling murmur best heard with the bell over the left sternal border at the fourth intercostal space and is louder during inspiration.

A

Tricuspid regurg

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15
Q

systolic murmur in the left infraclavicular area and under the left scapula

A

Coarctation of aorta

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16
Q

When to fix an asx AAA?

A

≥ 5.5 cm

or grows more than 0.6 to 0.8 cm over 6 months

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17
Q

How do congenital cardiac defects present in newborns?

A

congestive heart failure (pulmonary or peripheral edema or both)

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18
Q

Can Propanolol be used for heart failure?

A

No. It’s not beta-1 selective.

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19
Q

Which 3 beta blockers for HF?

A

Bisoprolol, carvedilol, and metoprolol

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20
Q

Yellow deposits on extensor surfaces due to…?

A

elevated TGL levels

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21
Q

Pericarditis will have ST elevations and PR depressions in which leads? (Hint: in eleven leads)

A

Diffuse ST elevations and PR depressions in V2-V6, I, II, III, aVL, and aVF are seen in the first hours to days of illness

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22
Q

Which lead will have ST depression and PR elevation with pericarditis?

A

ST depression and PR elevation in aVR

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23
Q

What will ST segments be shaped like in pericarditis?

A

ST segments are concave, diffuse

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24
Q

Which syndrome 2-10 weeks post-MI?

A

Dressler’s syndrome

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25
Q

What can NSAIDs do to HF?

A

Make it worse. If exacerbation happens then d/c the NSAID.

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26
Q

Short systolic murmur innocent or pathologic?

A

Innocent murmur

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27
Q

MC primary cardiac tumor in adults?

A

Myxoma

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28
Q

MC location of aortoenteric fistula formation?

A

Duodenum

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29
Q

Crescendo-desrescendo systolic murmur?

A

Mitral valve prolapse

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30
Q

Tx for Brugada Syndrome?

A

Impantable cardioverter defibrillator

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31
Q

Brugada Syndrome dysfunction of what?

A

Cardiac ion channel dysfunction

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32
Q

Brugada Syndrome resting EKG shows what?

A

RBBB pattern ST-elevation in V1-V3

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33
Q

Any STEMI in the inferior leads should lead to what type of EKG occurring?

A

Right-sided EKG to check for RV infarct

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34
Q

Can give Atenolol in WPW?

A

NO! Will slow AV-node conduction.

35
Q

WPW wave called?

A

Delta wave

36
Q

WPW bundle?

A

Bundle of Kent

37
Q

Which meds can slow AV node conduction? (Hint: ABCD)

A

Adenosinde
Beta-blockers
CCBs
Digoxin

38
Q

FIRST changes seen on EKG in acute STEMI?

A

Hyperacute T-waves (then J-point, then STEMI)

39
Q

LBBB shows what in Lead I and what in V1?

A

Lead I=Large wide R-wave

V1=negative wave QS or rS in V1

40
Q

Female QTc >460 treatment if stable?

A

Metoprolol

41
Q

Male QTc >440 treatment if stable?

A

Metoprolol

42
Q

Prolonged QT-interval is associates with which tachydysrhythmia?

A

Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia

43
Q

Murmur in ASD? S2 sound?

A

crescendo-decrescendo murmur in pulmonic area.

Widely split and fixed S2.

44
Q

Early or small ASD cyanotic?

A

No. Non-cyanotic.

45
Q

Late or large ASD cyanotic?

A

Yes. RA to LA. Leads to Eisenmenger’s syndrome.

46
Q

Can give Verapamil to infant with SVT?

A

No. Profound hypotension and CV collapse.

47
Q

Murmur of mitral valve regurg sounds like?

A

Soft S1, loud blowing holosystolic

48
Q

What substance closes the ductuc arteriosis in the post-natal period?

A

Bradykinin

Not Prostaglandin E1, this keeps it open!

49
Q

Med to close patient ductus arteriosus?

A

Indomethacin (prostaglandin inhibitor)

50
Q

Which med for rate control for A-fib w/RVR in setting of compensated systolic HF?

A

Carvedilol

51
Q

Can use diltiazem for rate control for A-fib w/RVR in setting of compensated systolic HF?

52
Q

Patient ductus arteriosis Murmur sounds like?

A

Continuous machine-like murmur

53
Q

Type of surgery for Patient ductus arteriosis?

54
Q

Prinzmetal angina daily prophylaxis tx?

A

Amlodipine

55
Q

Which heart block is progressive lengthening of PR interval until QRS complex dropped?

A

2nd degree Type 1

56
Q

Constant PR interval with absent QRS complex?

A

Second degree Type 2

57
Q

Which bacteria in tricuspid IE from IVDA?

A

Staph Aureus

58
Q

Which bacteria in mitral valve IE?

A

Strep and staph

59
Q

Percent goal of treatment for hypertensive emergency in FIRST HOUR?

A

10-20% in first hour

60
Q

Goal percent of hypertensive emergency after 24 hours?

A

25% reduction from baseline

61
Q

Cardiac Arrest Score uses which pressure for mortality prediction?

A

Systolic BP after ROSC

62
Q

Pericardial knock consistent with which cardiomyopathy?

A

Constrictive

63
Q

Tx for acute HF?

A

Furosemide (loop diuretic)

64
Q

Known adverse rxn to Prostaglandin E1 infusion for PDA?

A

Apnea. Intubate before administering.

65
Q

Factor V Leiden deficiency is what type of CI to fibrinolytic therapy?

A

Relative CI.

66
Q

Preferred anticoagulant for DVT if preggers?

A

LMWH (enoxaparin)

67
Q

Flecainide is which class of anti-arrythmic?

68
Q

Tx for unstable WPW?

A

Cardioversion

69
Q

HOCM murmur?

A

Crescendo-decrescendo murmur left sternal border

70
Q

Harsh mid-systolic cresdendo-derescendo heart at left sternal border?

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

71
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy murmur increases with…?

72
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy murmur decreases with…?

73
Q

MC cause of sudden death in young atheletes?

74
Q

MC risk factor for developing AAA?

75
Q

When to tell PT to follow up with PCP if DBP 80-104?

A

2 months f/u with PCP

76
Q

If PT’s DBP ≥115 when to evaluate it?

A

Immediately

77
Q

Ventral Septal Defect in which portion?

A

Membranous portion

78
Q

How to evaluate PT with possible PE if they have an elevated creatinine?

79
Q

Which type of replacement valve is more prone to leak? (Mechanical or bioprosthetic)

A

Mechanical valves more prone to paravalvular leak

80
Q

Formula for measuring Mean Arterial Pressure?

A

MAP=DBP = 1/3(SBP-DBP)

81
Q

QRS complex in severe hyperKalemia?

A

Widened QRS (and peaked T-waves)

82
Q

Minimum SBP in a 3 year old?

A

76mmHg

Minimum SBP=70 + (2 x age in years)

83
Q

Tx for afib from Holiday Heart Syndrome?

A

observe with continuous cardiac monitoring. If no improveent in 24-48h then rate control.

84
Q

Tx for systolic HF with EF <35%

A

Spironolactone

PANCE (6 decks)

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