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PANCE > endo > Flashcards

endo Flashcards

1
Q

MC cause of hypothyroidism?

A

Hashimoto Thyroiditis

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2
Q

TSH level in Hasimoto Thyroiditis?

A

elevated TSH

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3
Q

Which 2 antibodies positive in Hashimoto Thyroiditis?

A

positive anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies

positive anti-thyroglobulin antibodies

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4
Q

T4 level in Hashimoto Thyroiditis?

A

low T4

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5
Q

Test for Diabetes Insipidus?

A

Desmopressin stimulation test

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6
Q

Sodium levels in DI?

A

Hypernatremia

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7
Q

DKA fluid deficit about how much?

A

5-10L (100mL/kg)

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8
Q

Best IVF for DKA?

A

NS

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9
Q

Rate of insulin infusion for DKA?

A

0.1U/kg/hr

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10
Q

When to change fluid during treatment for DKA?

A

When BGL at 200.

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11
Q

When BGL at 200 in DKA what to change fluid to? To prevent what?

A

Change to 5% Dextrose in 0.45% Saline and reduce insulin infusion. To avoid iatrogenic hypoglycemia and cerebral edema.

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12
Q

When to stop insulin infusion in DKA? (2 things)

A

Ketonemia clears and anion gap normalized

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13
Q

How much does sodium level decrease by for every 100 glucose above 100?

A

1.6 (140 at 100 to 138.4 at 200)

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14
Q

PTH deficiency does what to calcium levels?

A

Hypocalcemia

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15
Q

Hypocalcemia does what to muscles?

A

Neuromuscular irritability, increased DTRs, Trousseau carpal pedal spasm and Chovstek’s facial contractionsign

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16
Q

Hypocalcemia on EKG?

A

Prolonged QT interval

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17
Q

Low PTH does what to Phosphorus?

A

High P

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18
Q

Free T4 level in hypothyroidism?

A

Low!

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19
Q

TSH levels in hypothyroidism?

A

High!

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20
Q

Define thyrotoxicosis

A

Excessive thyroid hormone concentration

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21
Q

Thyroid storm is an extreme manifestation of what?

A

thyrotoxicosis

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22
Q

What predominently causes thyroid storm?

A

Grave’s dz

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23
Q

Euthyroid sick syndrome happens when?

A

Abnormal thyroid tests when someone is sick and usually has normal thyroid

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24
Q

When does Euthyroid sick syndrome get better?

A

after recover from underlying illness

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25
Q

MC metabolic problem in neonates?

A

Hypoglycemia

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26
Q

Tx for neonate hypoglycemia?

A

5mL/kg of 10% Dextrose (aka D10)

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27
Q

Primary Adrenal Insufficiency aka

A

Addison Disease

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28
Q

Addison Disease skin and mucuous membranes?

A

Hyperpigmented skin and mucus membranes

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29
Q

Hyperpigmentation in Addisson’s Dz due to what?

A

Increased ACTH

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31
Q

Na and K in Addison Disease?

A

Hyponatremia

Hyperkalemia

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32
Q

Addison Disease due to low levels of which hormone?

A

Cortisol

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33
Q

Glucose levels in Addison Disease?

34
Q

Tx for Addison Disease?

A

Hydrocortisone and other supportive measures

35
Q

Addison Disease MC due to?

A

autoimmune dz

36
Q

Tx for pituitary adenmoma >1cm?

A

Surgical resection

37
Q

Pituitary adenoma causes vision problem by compressing what?

A

Optic chiasm

38
Q

Which condition makes women more likely to develop DM2? (hint: think female parts)

39
Q

What causes myxedema coma?

A

Hypotension

40
Q

Which hormone is very low in myxedema?

41
Q

Why IV T3 rarely used for myxedema?

A

Can cause dysrhythmias leading to sudden cardiac death

42
Q

Tx for myxedema

A

Levothyroxine (T4)

43
Q

MC type of pituitary tumor?

A

Prolactinoma

44
Q

Tx for central DI?

A

Demopressin

45
Q

Pheochromocytoma sx triad?

A
  1. Episodic HA
  2. Diaphoretic
  3. Tachy w/HTN
46
Q

Test for pheochromocytoma?

A

24 urine of catecholamines and metanephrine

47
Q

Tx for pheochromoctyoma prior to surgery?

A

Alpha-adrenergic blockers

48
Q

Lab to test for acromegaly?

49
Q

Tx for sx of prolactinoma?

A

Cabergoline

50
Q

Which class of oral DM meds can cause hypoglycemia?

A

Sulfonylurea (ex glipizide)

51
Q

Tx for thyroid storm if OD on Synthroid

A

Beta-blocker and dexamethasone

52
Q

What does Metformin decrease and increase?

A

Decrease hepatic glucose production

Increase cell insulin sensitivity

53
Q

Graves Dz aks

A

Toxic diffuse goiter

54
Q

Graves Dz produces what against thyroid receptors

A

Autoantibodies to thyroid hormone receptors

55
Q

Diffuse goiter + exophthalmos, and pretibial myxedema think of

56
Q

DM can be diagnosed if serum glucose is above what number after 75g oral glucose?

A

Above 200 two hours after 75g oral glucose

57
Q

Which thioamide for hyperthyroid to use in first trimester of preggers in Graves Dz?

58
Q

Which thioamide for hyperthyroid to use in 2nd and 3rd trimester of preggers in Graves Dz?

A

Methimazole

59
Q

De Quervain Thyroiditis aka

A

Subacute Thyroiditis

60
Q

Subacute Thyroiditis usually due to what

A

neutrophillic inflammation of the thyroid

61
Q

Subacute Thyroiditis usually preceded by what?

A

upper resp infx

62
Q

Early Subacute Thyroiditis presents as what condition?

A

Hyperthyroid

63
Q

Later stages of Subacute Thyroiditis present as what condition?

A

Hypothyroid

64
Q

Tx for Subacute Thyroiditis?

A

NSAIDs for pain. usually self-limited.

65
Q

First and second medications used for thyroid storm?

A

Beta-blocker then PTU

66
Q

Can dx DM if patient current symptomatic and BGL is what?

67
Q

Graves dz and thyroid levels?

A

Increased!

68
Q

Hashimotos and thyroid levels?

A

Decreased!

69
Q

K and BP in primary hyperaldosteronism?

A

Hypokalemia

HTN

70
Q

DTRs in hypothyroid?

71
Q

Bicarb levels in DKA?

72
Q

When to check serum cortisol levels in Addison’s workup?

73
Q

What to block first when a pheochromocytoma emergency?

A

Alpha-blockade before beta-blockade! Use phenoxybenzamine.

74
Q

MC feature in Cushing’s Syndrome?

A

Central obesity

75
Q

MC trigger of thyroid storm?

76
Q

Metformin which class?

77
Q

Slow increase in ring and shoe size which condition?

A

Acromegaly

78
Q

MC type of thyroid cancer?

A

Papillary carcinoma

79
Q

DI urine osmolality, serum osmolality?

A

Low urine osmolality

High serum osmolality

80
Q

When to retest TSH after starting levothyroxine?

PANCE (6 decks)

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