Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pediatrics > HEENT 2 > Flashcards

HEENT 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the Most Common Pediatric infectious disease

A

Viral rhinitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the most common cause of viral rhinitis

A

Rhino virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are 4 other causes of viral rhinitis

A

influenza/parainfluenza/ RSV/adenovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

when does viral rhinitis most often occur

A

early vall to late spring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the avg length of viral rhinitis? what is the progression

A

Avg 7 days , mucus clear  mucoid day 2 from shedding of epithelial cells and influx of neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does color of mucus indicate in viral rhinitis?

A

Does not indicate bacterial – shedding of epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the common cold?

A

viral rhinitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what presents with Nasal congestion (rhinorrhea /nasal obstruction), +/- mild fever, +/- sore “scratchy” throat. Nose, throat, TM red + inflamed

A

viral rhinitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

when does viral rhinitis become sinusitis?

A

> 10-14days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how do you treat viral rhinitis? what is not recommended in children under 6?

A

Antihistamines. Decongestants and combo’s not recommended for children < 6 due to no benefit and potential bad effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what does allergic rhinitis contribute to ? 2

A

development of rhinosinusitis and asthma exacerbations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what has symptoms of Nasal congestions, sneezing, rhinorrhea, itchy nose, palate, throat and eyes

A

allergic rhinitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what on PE hasNasal turbinates swollen, red or pale pink

A

allergic rhinitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is tx of allergic rhinitis

A

Tx for symptoms

Intranasal corticosteroids, oral and intranasal antihistamines, decongestants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what if a child <10 has nasal polyps?

A

suspect CF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The majority of nose bleeds are due to ____

A

picking nose or putting something up there

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

_____% of nose bleeds are due to bleeding disorder i.e Von Willebrand disease

A

5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The nosebleed usual arises from the ____ part of the nasal septum.

A

kiessellback plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how do you treat epistaxis?

A

leaning forward, clear passages, pinch nose below nasal bones, pack with gel sponge or foam.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what sinus is present at birth pneumatized ~ 4 yr

A

maxillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what sinus is present and pneumatized at birth

A

ethmoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what sinus is develop by the 5th or 6th birthday

A

sphenoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what sinus begin dev 7th or 8th birthday- not fully dev until adolescence

A

frontal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

when is frontal sinusitis unusual?

A

<10y/o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Does a child need a sinus x-ray

A

no not fully developed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is Infection of paranasal sinuses; Almost always preceded by URI.

A

Rhinosinusitis (Sinusitis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what has symptoms of Nasal drainage, congestions, facial pressure or pain, PND, fever, cough, fatigue, maxillary dental pain, ear pressure or fullness. HA

A

Rhinosinusitis (Sinusitis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what 2 sinus’s are affected in Rhinosinusitis (Sinusitis)

A

maxillary and ethmoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

on PE what has sinus tenderness with older children

A

Rhinosinusitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what is the most common microb of sinusitis

A

strep pneumo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what are other causes of sinusitis?

A

Haemophilus influenzae
Moraxella catarrhalis

Viruses
Adenovirus, parainfluenza, influenza, and rhinovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what are the 2 least common causes of sinusitis

A

GAS and Staph aureua

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

when pt has not cleared infection in the expected amount of time
Sx + PE , + CT for some.
Mucosal swelling and obstruction from allergies

A

chronic rhinosinusitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

if a 15y/o has septal polyps and has allergies since 5 y/o what should you do

A

nothing–>does not indicate CF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what is Recurrence with each or most URI

A

chronic rhinosinusitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

when are plain films appropriate with recurrent ABS, vague symptoms, or a poor response to therapy

A

older children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what is first line treatment of ABS

A

Amoxicillin for 10-14 days –>7days after symptoms resolve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

what is first line for chronic sinusitis?

A

vanco –>cover for staph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

if child has a PCN allergy and ABS what should you use

A

cefuroxime axetil, cefpodoxime, macrolides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

if amoxicillin fails in 72 hrs for ABS what should you use or recent tx with amox

A

Amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

when unresponsive to conservative therapy what do you do?

A

refer to ENT

42
Q

what is the most common complication of rhinosinusitis

A

orbital cellulitis, Eyelid edema, restricted EOM, proptosis, altered visual acuity

43
Q

what is Inflammation of eyelid tissues results from trauma or spread of local infections.

A

PreseptalCellulitis

44
Q

what are the most common pathogens of PreseptalCellulitis

A

Staph aureus and Strep pyogenes

45
Q

what is Inflammation of orbital tissues behind the orbital septum

A

orbital cellulitis

46
Q

what may spread of orbital cellulitis cause 2?

A

Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis or Meningitis.

47
Q

what are the common pathogens of orbital cellulits?

A

secondary to acute sinusitis – respiratory flora and anaerobes, staph aureus.secondary to ocular inflammation.

48
Q

if orbital cellulits is due to sinusitis how do you treat

A

amox

49
Q

if orbital cellulits is d/t staph a how do you treat

A

vanco

50
Q

The 2 bacterial pathogens that play the largest role in acute otitis media are:

A

Haemophilis influenzae

Streptococcus pneumoniae

51
Q

You see a healthy 5-year-old girl with no significant past medical history in your office for ear pain that started last night. Her TM appears inflammed. She has no fever and is otherwise well. You diagnose acute otitis media. Your best initial management is:

A

Treatment with acetominophen for pain and follow-up in 2 to 3 days if no change in symptoms or is symptoms worsen

52
Q

You are seeing a 15-month-old boy in your office for ear tugging, excessive crying, and fever of 39.5C. He is otherwise healthy though last month he received amoxicillin for treatment of AOM. Today you diagnosis AOM. He has no med allergies. Best management at this time includes

A

amoxicillin-clavulanate 80-90 mg/kg per day of the amoxicillin component

53
Q

In considering empiric therapy for a 7-year-old boy in whom you suspect acute sinusitis, you should prescribe:

A

amoxicillin 80-90 mg/kg per day

54
Q

Acute bacterial sinusitis is best distinguished from a viral upper respiratory tract infection by:

A

duration of symptoms for greater than 10 days

55
Q

A diagnosis of acute bacterial sinusitis should be based on:

A

a precise clinical history regarding quality and duration of symptoms

56
Q

A mother brings in her 2 yr old for a runny nose and bad breath. She denies fever / vomiting / diarrhea. She states her daughter is still energetic and playing with her toys and sleeping as usual. She noticed the runny nose 2 days ago which is mostly on the right side, and states that this morning she smelled bad breath and is worried her daughter has an infection.
What do you think?

A

Foreign obj in the nose

57
Q

what isLeading cause of halitosis in children

A

nasal foreign body

58
Q

how should we treat children with something up their nose? older and younger child

A

Vigorous nose blowing if child old enough
Removal by provider
Topical anesthetic ( lidocaine, tetracaine)
Antidecongestant ( pseudophed topical)
Restraint
Alligator forceps through head of otoscope

59
Q

what is the most common pathogen of pharyngitis

A

viral - entero and adeno

60
Q

what is hand foot and mouth caused by

A

caused by enterovirus

61
Q

what is pharygoconjunctival caused by

A

adenovirus

62
Q

what is herpangina pharyngitis caused by

A

coxackie virus

63
Q

what is onset of viral pharyngitis

A

gradual

64
Q

what is viral pharyngitis accompanied by?

A

URI symptoms

65
Q

Ulcers 3mm with halo on ant pillars, soft palate, uvula (not anterior mouth) what is this?

A

viral pharyn herpangina caused by cox a

66
Q

Ulcers anywhere in the mouth/throat.

Vesicles, pustules, papules on palms, soles,interdigital, buttocks… what is this?

A

HFM cox a

67
Q

a pt presents with Fatigue, high fever, exudative pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy (ant & post cervical) splenomegaly, rash.. you do labs and find atypical lymphocytosis and heterophile antibodies … what is this

A

Mono EBV

68
Q

what is monospot

A

test for mono –>heterophile antibodies

69
Q

what causes rash in mono?

A

pen and amox

70
Q

+IgM for EBV is

A

definitive test for mono

71
Q

how do you treat mono?

A

Rest, fever control, steroids if airway obstruction, avoid contact sports if splenomaegaly

72
Q

what is the most common bacterial pharyngitis? 3 names of it

A

GAS=
Strep pyogenes=
Beta hemolytic strep

73
Q

what has Acute onset, - fever ,headache , nausea (no cough, conjunctivitis, sneezy)
Beefy red throat, tonsillar exudate, petechiae on soft palate, tender cervicle lymph nodes

A

bacterial pharyngitis

74
Q

what are 2 complications of bact pharyngitis?

A

rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis

75
Q

RF may or may not be prevented by eradication of GAS

A

may

76
Q

glomerulonephritis may or may not be prevented by eradication of GAS

A

NOT

77
Q

what is sand paper rash in groin and torso and strawberry tongue?

A

scarlet fever

78
Q

what should you treat strep throat with?

A

10 PCN V

79
Q

when should you give PCN G IM for strep?

A

if poor compliance

80
Q

what is the diff bw viral and bacterial pharyngitis

A

viral has no petichiae or exuadates

81
Q

what happens when antistreptococcal antibodies form immune complexes that cross react cardiac sarcolemma antigens causing inflammatory response in myocardium and valves .

A

RF

82
Q

what happens when antigen-antibody complexes deposit in glomeruli and incite inflammation and activate the complement system. –>Tea or cola colored urine – gross hematuria

A

glomerulonephritis

83
Q

what are less serious complications of GAS

A

OM,peritonsillar abscess, and scarlet fever

84
Q

what is Quinsy
Severe sore throat
High fever
Unilateral

A

Peritonsillar Abscess

85
Q

how do you treat Peritonsillar Abscess

A

PCN or Clinda –> rare recurence

86
Q

what happens when GAS invades capsule of tonsil

A

Peritonsillar Abscess

87
Q

who gets PeritonsillarAbsess more commonly

A

> 10y

88
Q

what abscess invades Nodes that drain adenoids, nasopharynx and paranasal sinuses

A

Retropharyngeal abscess

89
Q

what age grp are Retropharyngeal abscess common in

A

<3

90
Q

what presents as Fever, Respiratory symptoms, Neck hyperextension
Dysphoria, drooling, dyspnea
Prominent swelling on one side or pharyngeal wall

A

Retropharyngeal abscess

91
Q

what is treatment for Retropharyngeal abscess

A

surgical emergency and IV PCN or clinda

92
Q

what aged kids are likely to get RF and why

A

5-15 school aged kids more like to to get strep

93
Q

what is Abscess of regional node

Anterior Cervical node most often

A

Acute Cervical Adenitis

94
Q

what causes Acute Cervical Adenitis

A

mostly GAS but staph a also

95
Q

what presents as Neck Pain , dysphagia

Unilateral red, tender, swollen lymph node, high fever

A

Acute Cervical Adenitis

96
Q

what 3 circumstances do you get a tonsilectomy and adenoidectomy

A

-Obstructive sleep apnea -can lead to behavioral problems – sleep study
-Recurrent infections,
-Swallowing disorders, speech abnormalities
hypertrophy

97
Q

what is a short lingual frenulum that can cause feeding problems, speech problems, dental problems

A

ankyloglossia

98
Q

if tongue cannot _________ refer to ENT

A

protrude past gums

99
Q

Pt is a 7 yr old male with fever, “pink eye” and now sore throat. On exam you find conjunctivitis, enlarged beefy red tonsills, and cervical lymphadenitis

A

pharyngoconjunctivitis

100
Q

what is the most common organism of pharyngoconjunctivitis

A

adenovirus

Pediatrics (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions