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6431 > HEENT > Flashcards

HEENT Flashcards

1
Q

Leukoplakia

A

white to light grey patch on tongue, floor of mouth, or inside cheek.
R/O oral cancer

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2
Q

Aphthous stomatitis

A

Canker sores- painful ulcer on soft tissue of mouth resolves in 7-10 days

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3
Q

What are the three primary salivary glands

A

Parotid, submandibular and sublingual. May become blocked with calculi or infectied

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4
Q

Sialadentitis/sialadenosis

A

infected salivary glands

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5
Q

Parotitis

A

swollen or infected salivary gland

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6
Q

acute fevere, headache, fatigue, myalgia and anorexia in school aged child to adult. salivary glands become swollen and tender within 48 hours

A

Mumps

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7
Q

cause of thick white exudate from tonsils

A

Mononucleosis

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8
Q

cause of yellow-green purulent discharge from tonsils

A

Strep throat

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9
Q

Hoarse voice, deviation of uvula, severe sore throat and difficulty swallowing, unilateral swelling of pertonsillar area and soft palate

A

Peritonsillar Abscess

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10
Q

Papilledema

A

optic disc swollen due to increased intracranial pressure 2nd to bleeding, brain tumor, abscess, pseudotumor cerebri

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11
Q

Disc cupping

A

optic nerve cupping r/t glaucoma caused by increased intraocular pressure. determined by cup to disc ratio

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12
Q

arteriovenous nicking, retinal hemorrhadges copper and silver wire arterioles

A

Hypertensive retinopathy

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13
Q

microaneurysms in retinal blood vessesl, neo vascularization , cotton-wool spots

A

Diabetic retinopathy

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14
Q

Opacity in the lens of eye that can be central or on the sides. pt. experiences difficulty with glare halos around light and blurred vision

A

Cataracts

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15
Q

Blue tinged or pale and swollen nasal turbinates associated with increased clear nasal discharge. May be accompanied by itchy nose, sneezing, and nasal congestion

A

Allergic Rhinitis

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16
Q

Kopliks’s spots

A

clusters of small red papules inside of cheeks near gums that are indicative of measles(rubeola)

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17
Q

Painless soft round growths within the nose

A

Nasal Polyps

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18
Q

Elongated papilla on the lateral tongue pathognomonic for HIV infection.
Can be caused by Epstein Barr virus

A

Hairy Leukoplakia

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19
Q

Painful skin fissures and maceration at the corners of the mouth

A

Cheilosis

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20
Q

treatment for cheilosis

A

Check B12
if yeast suspected, microscopy for hyphae & treat topically, mupirocin if bacteria suspected

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21
Q

Ptosis

A

drooping of the upper eyelid

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22
Q

amblyopia

A

lazy eye, reduced vision in affected eye.

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23
Q

Test for vision

A

Snellen test

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24
Q

color blindness test

A

ishihara chart

25
Q

Weber test

A

Place tuning fork midline forehead should be even sound detection

26
Q

Rinne test

A

place tuning fork on mastoid then front of ear, time response, bone conduction should be half of air conduction

27
Q

Acute onset of severe eye pain with tearing sensation of foreign body

A

Corneal abrasion, always inquire if patient wears contacts

28
Q

Severe eye pain acute onset, photophobia, blurred vision in affected eye.

A

Herpes keratitis

29
Q

How is Herpes Keratitis Diagnosed

A

Dx. by fluorescein stain appearance of fernlike lines with black lamp

30
Q

Paitent complaint of acute onset of red eye, blurred vision, watery eyes, photophobia, or foreign body. Hx of sleeping with contacts in / or wearing longer than recommended

A

Contact lens related keratitis

31
Q

Where are contact lens associated abrasions located

A

Generally located in the center of the eye and round.

32
Q

Hordoleum

A

Stye (Horrible) Hordoleum

33
Q

Tx for Hordoleum

A

Hot compress 2-3 times a day

34
Q

Chalazion

A

chronic inflammation of meibomian gland may resolve spontaneously 2-8 weeks

35
Q

Pinguecula

A

raised yellow to white small round growth in bulbar conjuctiva. Cause: chronic sun exposure.

36
Q

Pterygium

A

A yellow trianguar thickening of conjuctiva,

37
Q

Tx of pinguecula or pterygium

A

Surgical removal if affecting vision, refer to ophthalmology

38
Q

Subconjunctival Hemorrhage

A

Blood trapped underneath the conjunctiva and sclera secondary to broken arterioles

39
Q

primary open angle glaucoma

A

increased intraocular pressure related to blockage of drainage of aqueous humor

40
Q

Sx of primary open angle glaucoma

A

asymptomatic during ealry stage
gradual change in peripheral vision then central vision cupping during fundoscopy

41
Q

Tx for primary open angle glaucoma

A

0.5% timolol beta blocker eye drops decrease aqueous production
xalatan topical prostaglandin eye drops increase aqueous flow

42
Q

anterior uveitis ( iritis)

A

onset of eye pain with conjuctival injectionno purulent discharge. Can result in blindness.

43
Q

age related macular degeneration.

A

asymptomatic in early stages. caused by gradual damage to the pigment of the macula. leading cause of blindness in the elderly more common in smokers.

44
Q

sjogrens’s Syndrome

A

chronic autoimmune disorder. decreased function fo the lacrimal and salivary glands.
increase in dental carie
Tx. OTC tear-substitute eye drops 3x daily

45
Q

Entropion

A

lower eyelid turned inward.

46
Q

ectropion

A

eyelid turned outward.

47
Q

Prolonged use of topical nasal decongestants causes rebound effects that result in sever and chronic nasal congestion

A

Rhinitis medicamentosa

48
Q

Epistaxis

A

Nosebleeds, anterior are milder. more common, than posterior.
Tx. apply direct pressure, apply triple antibiotic or vaseline in front of the nose.

49
Q

abrupt onset of fever, sore throat, pain on swallowing, and mildly enlarged submandibular nodes. anterior cervical nodes enlarged and tender

A

Streptococcal pharyngitis ( Strep throat)

50
Q

complaint of ear pain (otalgia), popping noises, muffled hearing. recent hx of a cold or flare up of allergic rhinitis. adult infections usually develop slower than in child. May be accompanied by rupture of the TM report of blood or pus on pillowcase with relief of pain

A

Acute Otitis Media

51
Q

Tx of Strep throat

A
  • Rapid antigen test
  • first line: Penicillin V 500mg three times a day for 10 days
  • Alternatives: Amoxicillin 500mg twice a day for 10 days
    *
52
Q

Tx of Strep in penicillin or beta-lactam allergy

A

Azithromycin (Z-pak) 5 days

53
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae has a high resistance to

A

beta lactamase

54
Q

Type of AOM that is more painful due to the presence of blistes on reddened bulging tympanic membrance

A

Bullous myringitis

55
Q

treatment of Bullous myringitis

A

Amoxicillin 500mg Po TID 5-7 days. 10 days for severe case.

alternative Augmentin TID, levofloxacin Daily 5 days

56
Q

this condition may follow AOM. can be caused fy chronic allergic rhinitis. pt. c/o ear pressure popping nosies and muffled hearing in affected ear

A

Otitis media with effusion

(Serous otitis media)

57
Q

TM may bulge or retract, tympanogram abnormal, TM non reddened, fluid level or bubbles may be visible inside the TM.

A

Otitis medica with effusion

58
Q

bacterial infection of outer ear canal, may have drainage, external ear pain, swelling, dishcarge, pruritis,

A

Otitis Externa

59
Q

disorder of the vestibular apparatus of the inner ear or by the inflammation of vestibular nerve CN VIII

A

Peripheral vertigo

6431 (5 decks)

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