HEENT 10,11,12 Ear Disorders, Hearing Loss

Question 1

Otalgia with chronic pain for more than 2 weeks. What must be considered?

Answer 1

a tumor

Question 2

Acute or chronic Bulging, red tympanic membrane, Preceding URI

Answer 2

Otitis media

Question 3

Rapid change in air pressure as in air travel or scuba diving. Hemorrhage on or behind the tympanic membrane

Answer 3

Barotrauma

Question 4

What drug is used for Barotrauma?

Answer 4

Pseudoephedrine

Question 5

Gurgling, crackling, or popping noises, with or without nasal congestion. Unilateral conductive hearing loss and decreased tympanic membrane mobility

Answer 5

Acute Eustachian tube obstruction

Question 6

Earache localized to the canal, particularly in a swimmer, diabetic, mechanical trauma or seborrheic dermatitis. Erythematous, edematous ear canal

Answer 6

Otitis Externa

Question 7

Sudden pain, sometimes history of herpes

Small blebs on the tympanic membrane, sometimes herpetic lesions adjacent to tragus

Answer 7

Bullous myringitis

Question 8

Vague pain accompanied by hearing loss and without other symptoms

Answer 8

Cerumen Impacted or foreign body

Question 9

What is cerumen?

Answer 9

Earwax

Question 10

What’s causing the earache? Nasopharynx, pharynx, tonsil, base of tongue, larynx. Often tobacco and/or alcohol use
Sometimes unilateral or remitting middle ear effusion

Answer 10

Cancer

Question 11

Pain with jaw movement. ‘Clicking’. Lack of smooth temporomandibular joint movement. Trismus

Answer 11

Temporomandibular joint disorder

Question 12

Sudden severe pain. Followed by bleeding from the ear. Hearing loss. Tinnitus

Answer 12

Traumatic tympanic membrane perforation

Question 13

Ear drainage, ear fullness, hearing loss, dizziness, facial weakness. Extends from tympanic membrane into middle ear, possibly into bone

Answer 13

Cholesteatoma

Question 14

Postauricular swelling and tenderness to palpation

Downward or lateral pinna displacement, edema of posterior portion of external canal

Answer 14

Mastoiditis

Question 15

Drug to treat Mastoiditis

Answer 15

ceftriaxone

Question 16

A false sensation of movement associated with difficulty in balance or gait
Typically, the perceived motion is rotary—a spinning or whirling sensation

Answer 16

Vertigo

Question 17

Rhythmic oscillation of the eyes

Sign of disease of the ocular or the vestibular system

Answer 17

Nystagmus

Question 18

Tinnitus, Sensation of aural fullness, Hearing loss. Followed by Vertigo.

Answer 18

Meniere’s Disease

Question 19

What drug alleviates the symptoms of vertigo?

Answer 19

Antihistamines

Question 20

Acute facial paralysis. herpetic blisters of the skin of the ear canal, auricle

Answer 20

Ramsay Hunt Syndrome/ Herpes Zoster Oticus

Question 21

Ramsay Hunt Syndrome is also known as

Answer 21

Herpes Zoster Oticus

Question 22

Ramsay Hunt syndrome has been associated with ___ virus infection

Answer 22

Varicella Zoster

Question 23

Vertigo, Ipsilateral hearing loss, Tinnitus, Facial paralysis

Answer 23

Ramsay Hunt Syndrome/ Herpes Zoster Oticus

Question 24

Patient complains of rash or blisters on Anterior two thirds of the tongue, Soft palate, External auditory canal, or Pinna

Answer 24

Ramsay Hunt Syndrome/ Herpes Zoster Oticus

Question 25

What is the drug to treat Ramsay Hunt Syndrome?

Answer 25

Oral acyclovir

Question 26

2 tests for hearing loss using a tuning fork

Answer 26

Weber’s Test & Rinne Test

Question 27

What type? Hearing loss occurs from a dysfunction of the outer or middle ear

Answer 27

Conductive hearing loss

Question 28

What type of hearing loss? Maintains soft speaking voice. Excellent speech discrimination when speech is loud enough. Typically either low frequency or flat hearing loss (equal at all frequencies)

Answer 28

Conductive hearing loss

Question 29

2 easily treated causes of conductive hearing loss

Answer 29

Cerumen and Foreign bodies

Question 30

What type of hearing loss? Otitis, Cholesteatoma, Residual middle ear fluid

Answer 30

Conductive hearing loss

Question 31

Dysfunction of the inner ear or auditory nerve, usually permanent and untreatable. Results in loudness deficit and distorted hearing

Answer 31

Sensory Neural Hearing Loss

Question 32

What type of hearing loss? Inappropriately loud voice, Tinnitus, Background noise makes listening more difficult

Answer 32

Sensory Neural Hearing Loss

Question 33

What type of hearing loss? Prolonged exposure to hazardous noise causes hearing loss by the physical destruction of the hair cells in the cochlea

Answer 33

Sensory Neural Hearing Loss

Question 34

The 4 P’s of Noise-induced hearing loss:

Answer 34

Painless, Progressive, Permanent, and Preventable

Question 35

___ hearing loss is permanent and untreatable. ___ helps most people.

Answer 35

Sensory neural. Hearing aids may help

Question 36

No medical or physical reason for hearing loss

Answer 36

Non-organic hearing loss

Question 37

Occurring within central nervous system (cortex, brainstem, or ascending auditory pathways) as opposed to peripheral organs of hearing (cochlea and middle ear)

Answer 37

Central Hearing Loss

Question 38

Usually low frequency or flat, affects outer and/or middle ear, usually temporary - or at least medically or surgically treatable

Answer 38

Conductive Hearing Loss

Question 39

Often high frequency, affects inner ear, usually permanent

Answer 39

Sensory Neural Hearing Loss

Question 40

Usually affects both high and low frequencies

Answer 40

Mixed Hearing Loss

Question 41

In Mixed-Hearing Loss what can and can’t be treated?

Answer 41

Conductive can be treated. Sensory Neural cannot

Question 42

Typically display a flat loss or total deafness in one ear, but may exaggerate a true loss, may (rarely) be involuntary but usually malingering involved

Answer 42

Non-Organic Hearing Loss

Question 43

Hearing for pure tones often normal, problem is between cochlea and cortex (receptor cells are functional but problem is in transmission or processing)

Answer 43

Central Hearing Loss