Heavy Equipment Quiz 2

Question 1

What are the typical earthwork operations?

Answer 1

The typical operations are excavating, loading, hauling, spreading, compacting, and grading.

Question 2

What is the earthwork operations’ typical sequence?

Answer 2

The typical sequence is clearing & grubbing, topsoil removal/storage, excavation/storage, backfilling, grading, and topsoil & landscaping.

Question 3

Why is soil type recognition important?

Answer 3

The characteristics and factors of soil types affect equipment operations, so engineers, architects, and specially trained workers identify soils on site to make technical decisions for how to prepare the site for construction. The heavy equipment operator will implement the decisions to safely operate the equipment in various soils and environmental conditions.

Question 4

What stays constant when soil is moved?

Answer 4

The weight of the solid particles stays constant when the soil is moved.

Question 5

What do you call an untouched soil? What is its unit?

Answer 5

Undisturbed soil or Banked. The unit is BCM.

Question 6

What do you call a dugged-up soil? What is its unit?

Answer 6

Excavated soil or Loose. The unit is LCM.

Question 7

What do you call a type of soil when a roller compresses it? What is its unit?

Answer 7

Compacted soil or Compacted. The unit is CCM.

Question 8

What are the volumetric factors in material changes?

Answer 8

Swell Factor, Shrink Factor, Load Factor, Fill Factor

Question 9

What is the density factor in material changes?

Answer 9

Material Density

Question 10

What is a swell factor?

Answer 10

Swell factor is the ratio of loose (excavated) dry volume per unit to bank (undisturbed) dry volume per unit.

Question 11

What is a shrink factor?

Answer 11

Shrink factor is the ratio of compacted dry weight per unit to bank (undisturbed) dry weight per unit volume.

Question 12

What is the load factor?

Answer 12

Load factor is the change in material volume used to estimate machine payloads.

Question 13

What is the fill factor?

Answer 13

Fill factor is the percentage of available volume in a body, bucket, or bowl that is actually used.

Question 14

What is material density?

Answer 14

Material density is the weight per unit volume of a material.

Question 15

Do the different densities in materials depend on particle size, moisture content and variations in the material?

Answer 15

Yes

Question 16

What is the heavy equipment rated by?

Answer 16

Weight and volume

Question 17

Regarding the heavy equipment, what is important to make sure?

Answer 17

It is important to make sure that a load does not exceed the capacity of the machine being used.

Question 18

What are the smaller bulldozers built for and their approximate horsepower?

Answer 18

Small bulldozers are built for speed and maneuverability with ~105 HP

Question 19

What are the larger bulldozers built for?

Answer 19

Large bulldozers are built for high production.

Question 20

What is a specialty machine, high-speed dozer’s
- max speed?
- parts characteristics?

Answer 20

High-speed dozer can operate up to 25 km/hr with an articulated frame for maneuverability and rubber tracks to move across concrete and pavement.

Question 21

When choosing a bulldozer for your project, you access?

Answer 21

• Drawings for volume of work
• Specifications for type of work
• Schedule for duration of work
• Consultant reports for existing site conditions