Heather Chapter 2 Flashcards by Heather Brumpton

Adverbs

[masc sing fom ends in -ent]

to form an adverb from an adjective whose masc. sing form ends in -ent replace the ending with -emment

Examples:

évident = évidemment

patient = patiemment

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Adverbs

[masc sing fom ends in -ant]

to form an adverb from an adjective whose masc. sing form ends in -ant replace the ending with -amment

Examples:

bruyant = bruyant = bruyamment

constant = constamment

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Categories of Adverbs [quantity]

assez

enough

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Categories of Adverbs [quantity]

autant

as/other than/equal to or larger than

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Categories of Adverbs [quantity]

beaucoup

many

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Categories of Adverbs [quantity]

le soutien

support

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Categories of Adverbs [quantity]

peu

little

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Categories of Adverbs [quantity]

rassembler

to gather

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Categories of Adverbs [quantity]

s’étendre

to spread

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Categories of Adverbs [quantity]

trop

too much/an excess

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Categories of Adverbs [quantity]

une fanfare

marching band

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Categories of Adverbs [quantity]

une manifestation

demonstration

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Categories of Adverbs:

[opinion]

heureusement

fortunately

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Desciptive Adjectives:

(Before Masc sign. with vowel)

beau

bel

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Desciptive Adjectives:

(Before Masc sign. with vowel)

fou

fol

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Desciptive Adjectives:

(Before Masc sign. with vowel)

malheureusement

unfortunately

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Desciptive Adjectives:

(Before Masc sign. with vowel)

nouveau

nouvel

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Desciptive Adjectives:

(Before Masc sign. with vowel)

peut- être

perhaps

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Desciptive Adjectives:

(Before Masc sign. with vowel)

probablement

probably

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Desciptive Adjectives:

(Before Masc sign. with vowel)

sans doute

no doubt

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Desciptive Adjectives:

(Before Masc sign. with vowel)

vieux

vieil

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Descriptive Adjectives and Adjective Agreements:

Masc to Fem

-et

ette

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Descriptive Adjectives and Adjective Agreements:

Masc to Fem

-on

-onne

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Descriptive Adjectives and Adjective Agreements:

Masc to Fem

ending in -c

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Descriptive Adjectives and Adjective Agreements: Masc to Fem -el

-elle

Descriptive Adjectives and Adjective Agreements: ## Footnote Masc to Fem -en

-enne

Descriptive Adjectives and Adjective Agreements: ## Footnote Masc to Fem -et

-ète

Descriptive Adjectives and Adjective Agreements: ## Footnote Masc to Fem -er

ère

Descriptive Adjectives and Adjective Agreements: Masc to Fem -eau

-elle

Descriptive Adjectives and Adjective Agreements: ## Footnote Masc to Fem -x

-se

Descriptive Adjectives and Adjective Agreements: ## Footnote Masc to Fem --f

-ve

Descriptive Adjectives and Adjective Agreements: ## Footnote Masc to Fem -s

-sse

Feminine forms that differ considerably: doux

= douce

Feminine forms that differ considerably: faux

fausse

Feminine forms that differ considerably: favori

favorite

Feminine forms that differ considerably: fou

folle

Feminine forms that differ considerably: frais

fraîche

Feminine forms that differ considerably: gentil

gentille

Feminine forms that differ considerably: grec

grecque

Feminine forms that differ considerably: long

longue

Feminine forms that differ considerably: public

publique

Feminine forms that differ considerably: roux

rousse

Feminine forms that differ considerably: vieux

vieille

French adjectives placed **BEFORE** the noun they modify

autre, beau, bon, court, meilleur, premier, gentil grand, gros, haute, nouveau, vieux jeune, joli, long, mauvais, petit, vrai

**Important rules to remember regarding reflexive verbs:** to emphasize that an action is reciprocal

Use **l'un(e) l'autre and l'un(e) à l'autre,** or their plural forms **les un(e)s les autres and les un(e)s aux autres** to emphasize that an action is reciprocal **Example:** Ils s'envoient des emails **les uns aux autres**

**Important rules to remember regarding reflexive verbs:** Negative commands

For negative commands, begin with ne and place the reflexive pronoun right before the verb *Example:* Ne vous inquiétez pas

Reflexive Verbs without a reflexive Action: se moquer de

to make fun of

**Important rules to remember regarding reflexive verbs:** to form the affirmative

form the affirmitive by adding the reflexive pronoun at the end Don't forget to change te to toi in affirmative commands *Example:* Habillons-nous!

**Important rules to remember regarding reflexive verbs:**

Most verbs to describe routine are reflexive some verbs can be reflexive or non reflexive In recipropcal reflexives, the pronoun means to each other or to one another. Because two or more subjects are involved only plural verbs are used.

Masc sing. form of the adjective (adding ément)

A limited number of adverbs are formed by ément to the masc. sing form of the adjective. If this form ends in a final silent e, drop it before adding the suffix *Examples:* confus = confusément (confusedly) énorme = énormément (enormously) précis = précisément (precisely) profond = profondément (profoundly)

Non reflexive verbs that change meaning with a reflexive pronoun (3)

**mettre** = to put*; * **se mettre à** = to begin **servir** = to serve; **se servir de** = to use **tromper** - to deceive; **se tromper** = to be mistaken

**Position of Adverbs** [passé compossé]

In the passé compossé, place short or common adverbs before the PP. Place longer or less common adverbs after the PP *Examples:* Nous sommes **déjà** arrivés a la gare (*we already arrived at the train station*) Vous avez **vraiment** compris des indications (*Did you really understand his directions*)

Position of Adverbs [time and place] [as an adverb]

- **common adverbs of time and place typically follow the past participle** * Examples:* Elle a commencé **tôt** ses devoirs (*She started her homework early*) Nous ne sommes pas descendus **ici** (*we did not get off here*) - **In a few expressions, an adjective functions as an adverb. Therefore, it is invariable.** coûter cher sentrir mauvais/bon parler bas/fort travailler du

**Position of Adverbs** [negative]

In negative sentences, the adverbs **peut-être**, **sons doute**, and **probablement** usually precede pas ## Footnote *Examples:* Elle n'est pas **souvent** chez elle (*she is not often at home*) Elle n'a **peut** être pas lu ton email (*she has probably not read your email*)

Position of Adverbs: | (present, imparfait, future)

An adverb immediately follows the verb it modifies ## Footnote *Examples:* Gérard s'arrête **tourjours** au centre-ville (Gerald always stops downtown) Il attend **patiemment** au feu (He waits patiently at the traffic light)

**Reflexive Verbs without a reflexive action:** (There are 4)

se méfier de se moquer de se souvenir de se taire

**Reflexive Verbs without a reflexive Action:** se taire

to be quiet

**Reflexive Verbs without a reflexive Action:** se mèfier de

to distrust

**Reflexive Verbs without a reflexive Action:** se souvenir de

to remember

**Vocabulaire de la lecture** une ambiance

atmosphere

Vocabulaire utile: la batterie

drums

Vocabulaire utile: se réunir

to get together

Vocabulaire utile: un défilè

parade

Vocabulaire utile: un feu d'artifice

fireworks display

Vocabulaire utile: un fête foraine

carnival

Vocabulaire utile: un violon

violin

Vocabulaire utile: une foire

fair

Vocabulaire utile: unir

to unite

Descriptive adjectives and adjective agreement: adjectives whose mas. sign. form ends in -eur

adjectives whose mas. sign. form ends in -eur generally derive one of 3 feminine forms: 1. the adjective is derived from a verb **-eur = -euse** 2. the adjective is not directly derived from a verb **-eur = -rice** 3. the adjective expresses better or worse **-eur=** **-eure**