Heather Chapter 2 Flashcards
Adverbs
[masc sing fom ends in -ent]
to form an adverb from an adjective whose masc. sing form ends in -ent replace the ending with -emment
Examples:
évident = évidemment
patient = patiemment
Adverbs
[masc sing fom ends in -ant]
to form an adverb from an adjective whose masc. sing form ends in -ant replace the ending with -amment
Examples:
bruyant = bruyant = bruyamment
constant = constamment
Categories of Adverbs [quantity]
assez
enough
Categories of Adverbs [quantity]
autant
as/other than/equal to or larger than
Categories of Adverbs [quantity]
beaucoup
many
Categories of Adverbs [quantity]
le soutien
support
Categories of Adverbs [quantity]
peu
little
Categories of Adverbs [quantity]
rassembler
to gather
Categories of Adverbs [quantity]
s’étendre
to spread
Categories of Adverbs [quantity]
trop
too much/an excess
Categories of Adverbs [quantity]
une fanfare
marching band
Categories of Adverbs [quantity]
une manifestation
demonstration
Categories of Adverbs:
[opinion]
heureusement
fortunately
Desciptive Adjectives:
(Before Masc sign. with vowel)
beau
bel
Desciptive Adjectives:
(Before Masc sign. with vowel)
fou
fol
Desciptive Adjectives:
(Before Masc sign. with vowel)
malheureusement
unfortunately
Desciptive Adjectives:
(Before Masc sign. with vowel)
nouveau
nouvel
Desciptive Adjectives:
(Before Masc sign. with vowel)
peut- être
perhaps
Desciptive Adjectives:
(Before Masc sign. with vowel)
probablement
probably
Desciptive Adjectives:
(Before Masc sign. with vowel)
sans doute
no doubt
Desciptive Adjectives:
(Before Masc sign. with vowel)
vieux
vieil
Descriptive Adjectives and Adjective Agreements:
Masc to Fem
-et
ette
Descriptive Adjectives and Adjective Agreements:
Masc to Fem
-on
-onne
Descriptive Adjectives and Adjective Agreements:
Masc to Fem
ending in -c
- che
Descriptive Adjectives and Adjective Agreements:
Masc to Fem
-el
-elle
Descriptive Adjectives and Adjective Agreements:
Masc to Fem
-en
-enne
Descriptive Adjectives and Adjective Agreements:
Masc to Fem
-et
-ète
Descriptive Adjectives and Adjective Agreements:
Masc to Fem
-er
ère
Descriptive Adjectives and Adjective Agreements:
Masc to Fem
-eau
-elle
Descriptive Adjectives and Adjective Agreements:
Masc to Fem
-x
-se
Descriptive Adjectives and Adjective Agreements:
Masc to Fem
–f
-ve
Descriptive Adjectives and Adjective Agreements:
Masc to Fem
-s
-sse
Feminine forms that differ considerably:
doux
= douce
Feminine forms that differ considerably:
faux
fausse
Feminine forms that differ considerably:
favori
favorite
Feminine forms that differ considerably:
fou
folle
Feminine forms that differ considerably:
frais
fraîche
Feminine forms that differ considerably:
gentil
gentille
Feminine forms that differ considerably:
grec
grecque
Feminine forms that differ considerably:
long
longue
Feminine forms that differ considerably:
public
publique
Feminine forms that differ considerably:
roux
rousse
Feminine forms that differ considerably:
vieux
vieille
French adjectives placed BEFORE the noun they modify
autre, beau, bon, court, meilleur, premier, gentil
grand, gros, haute, nouveau, vieux
jeune, joli, long, mauvais, petit, vrai
Important rules to remember regarding reflexive verbs:
to emphasize that an action is reciprocal
Use l’un(e) l’autre and l’un(e) à l’autre, or their plural forms les un(e)s les autres and les un(e)s aux autres to emphasize that an action is reciprocal
Example:
Ils s’envoient des emails les uns aux autres
Important rules to remember regarding reflexive verbs:
Negative commands
For negative commands, begin with ne and place the reflexive pronoun right before the verb
Example:
Ne vous inquiétez pas
Reflexive Verbs without a reflexive Action:
se moquer de
to make fun of
Important rules to remember regarding reflexive verbs:
to form the affirmative
form the affirmitive by adding the reflexive pronoun at the end
Don’t forget to change te to toi in affirmative commands
Example:
Habillons-nous!
Important rules to remember regarding reflexive verbs:
Most verbs to describe routine are reflexive
some verbs can be reflexive or non reflexive
In recipropcal reflexives, the pronoun means to each other or to one another. Because two or more subjects are involved only plural verbs are used.
Masc sing. form of the adjective (adding ément)
A limited number of adverbs are formed by ément to the masc. sing form of the adjective.
If this form ends in a final silent e, drop it before adding the suffix
Examples:
confus = confusément (confusedly)
énorme = énormément (enormously)
précis = précisément (precisely)
profond = profondément (profoundly)
Non reflexive verbs that change meaning with a reflexive pronoun
(3)
mettre = to put*; * se mettre à = to begin
servir = to serve; se servir de = to use
tromper - to deceive; se tromper = to be mistaken
Position of Adverbs
[passé compossé]
In the passé compossé, place short or common adverbs before the PP.
Place longer or less common adverbs after the PP
Examples:
Nous sommes déjà arrivés a la gare (we already arrived at the train station)
Vous avez vraiment compris des indications (Did you really understand his directions)
Position of Adverbs
[time and place]
[as an adverb]
- common adverbs of time and place typically follow the past participle
- Examples:*
Elle a commencé tôt ses devoirs (She started her homework early)
Nous ne sommes pas descendus ici (we did not get off here)
- In a few expressions, an adjective functions as an adverb. Therefore, it is invariable.
coûter cher sentrir mauvais/bon
parler bas/fort travailler du
Position of Adverbs [negative]
In negative sentences, the adverbs peut-être, sons doute, and probablement usually precede pas
Examples:
Elle n’est pas souvent chez elle (she is not often at home)
Elle n’a peut être pas lu ton email (she has probably not read your email)
Position of Adverbs:
(present, imparfait, future)
An adverb immediately follows the verb it modifies
Examples:
Gérard s’arrête tourjours au centre-ville (Gerald always stops downtown)
Il attend patiemment au feu (He waits patiently at the traffic light)
Reflexive Verbs without a reflexive action:
(There are 4)
se méfier de
se moquer de
se souvenir de
se taire
Reflexive Verbs without a reflexive Action:
se taire
to be quiet
Reflexive Verbs without a reflexive Action:
se mèfier de
to distrust
Reflexive Verbs without a reflexive Action:
se souvenir de
to remember
Vocabulaire de la lecture
une ambiance
atmosphere
Vocabulaire utile:
la batterie
drums
Vocabulaire utile:
se réunir
to get together
Vocabulaire utile:
un défilè
parade
Vocabulaire utile:
un feu d’artifice
fireworks display
Vocabulaire utile:
un fête foraine
carnival
Vocabulaire utile:
un violon
violin
Vocabulaire utile:
une foire
fair
Vocabulaire utile:
unir
to unite
Descriptive adjectives and adjective agreement:
adjectives whose mas. sign. form ends in -eur
adjectives whose mas. sign. form ends in -eur generally derive one of 3 feminine forms:
- the adjective is derived from a verb -eur = -euse
- the adjective is not directly derived from a verb -eur = -rice
- the adjective expresses better or worse -eur=
-eure
