Grammar Rules Flashcards
Passé Compossé with Etre (PP)
TABLE 1 Verbs Using Être
Verb
Past Participle
D
devenir (to become)
devenu*
R
revenir (to come back)
revenu*
mourir (to die) = mort*
retourner (to return) = retourné
sortir (to go out) = sorti
venir (to come)= venu*
arriver (to arrive)= arrivé
naître (to be born)= né*
descendre (to descend)= descendu
entrer (to enter) = entré
rentrer (to return)= rentré
tomber (to fall)= tombé
rester (to remain)= resté
aller (to go) = allé
monter (to go up) = monté
partir (to leave) = parti
passer (to pass by) = passé
Object Verb Agreement:
These words agree when they occur before the verb
Le
La
Les
L’
These replace something in a sentence and mean it or them.
Example: Les livres qu j’ai achetés
The past participle usually agrees in gender and number with the subject when it is also the direct object
(examples)
Example: Elle s’est habillée rapidement
Example: Nous nous somes disputés
Subject/Verb Agreement
Reflective and reciprocal verbs
As with other être verbs, these always agree. There are 5 reflective verbs that are exceptions to this rule.
Passé Compossé vs Imparfait
The passé composé tells you that an action was completed.
The imparfait doesn’t tell you whether an action was completed or not.
The imparfait is often used to describe an action that was interrupted. In this sense it is similar to the English tense ‘was doing’.
The use of the imparfait doesn’t tell you anything specific about the action
The imparfait is open-ended.
It does not tell you:
- where he came from
- how long he had been walking
- how long he would take to get to his destination
- whether he will reach his destination and complete his act of walking
Object Verb Agreement:
These are hints regarding an indirect object
Leur
Lui
When these are used, the verb does not agree.
Example: je lui à parlé
Passe Compose: First step
Well, the first thing to know is that to form Passé Composé, you need 2 verbs : an auxiliary (AVOIR or ETRE) and a past participle. This matches your perfect tense in English, except you only use the auxiliary “to have” :
- I have walked
- You have done
- He has eaten
When the helping verb is être
The past participle agrees in gender and number with the subject
Questions in the passé composé with être
To form a question using inversion, invert the conjugated form of être with the subject pronoun and add a hyphen. The negatives surround the hyphenated verb and pronoun:
Sont-ils partis? (Did they leave?)
Ne sont-ils pas partis? (Didn’t they leave?)
Passé Compossé with être
Some verbs use ETRE instead of AVOIR. There are about 20 of them: remember them through a nonsensical sentence : DR MRS VANDERTRAMPP.
All the letters stand for one verb:
Monter (to go up) and its derivative : “remonter”
Rester (to stay)
Venir (to come) and also: “revenir”, “parvenir”, “devenir”, etc.
Aller (to go)
Naître (to be born)
Sortir (to go out)
Tomber (to fall)
Retourner (to return)
Arriver (to arrive)
Mourir (to die)
Partir (to leave) and also : “repartir”, etc.
Entrer (to come in / enter) and also : “rentrer”, etc.
Descendre (to go down) and also : “redescendre”, etc.
Reciprocal Verbs that do not agree
s ‘écrire
se dire
se téléphoner
se parler
se demander
se sourire
Forming the negative in the passé composé with être
In the negative, put ne before the conjugated form of être and the negative word after it:
Il n’est pas sorti. (He didn’t go out.)
Elles ne sont pas encore arrivées. (They didn’t arrive yet.)
Imparfait vs. Passé Compossé
The imparfait is used to describe the past.
The passé composé is used to narrate individual events in the past.
Novels and stories use the imparfait to set the scene with a description.
Novels and stories use the passé composé to tell you what happened.
Passé Compossé: Step 3
So, all you have to do is conjugate the verb AVOIR in the present tense and then add the past participle. Here’s the conjugation of the verb AVOIR:
J’ai
Tu as
Il a
Elle a
On a
Nous avons
Vous avez
Ils ont
Elles ont