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Science 2015 > Heat, Light and Sound > Flashcards

Heat, Light and Sound Flashcards

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1
Q

What do thermometers measure?

A

Temperature

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2
Q

What is heat a measure of?

A

Heat is a measure of energy.

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3
Q

What is temperature a measure of?

A

Temperature is a measure of the kinetic energy of the particles or how quickly they are moving.

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4
Q

Hotter particles are…….

A

Hotter particles are faster

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5
Q

What are the three units of temperature?

A

Degrees celsius, fahrenheit, and kelvin.

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6
Q

The bigger the temperature difference the …………… the heat flows

A

The bigger the temperature difference the faster the heat flows.

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7
Q

What are the three types of heat transfer?

A

Conduction, Convection and Radiation.

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8
Q

Define Conduction using particle theory.

A

Conduction is a heat transfer involving vibrating particles in solids through direct contact of the object.

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9
Q

What does conduction explain?

A

Conduction explains why ice feels cold (warmth flows from your hands to the ice) or why a cup of coffee feels hot.

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10
Q

If the object feels cold it is

A

absorbing heat (endothermic)

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11
Q

If the object feels hot it is

A

giving heat out (exothermic)

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12
Q

What are conductors?

A

Conductors are substances that transfer heat easily

eg. metals

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13
Q

What are insulators?

A

Insulators are bad conductors

eg. plastics, cloth, wood, rubber

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14
Q

Are gases good or poor conductors?

A

Gases are poor conductors.

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15
Q

Why are gases poor conductors?

Give an example…

A

Doonas or sleeping bags trap air to keep us warm, so gases are poor conductors and good insulators.

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16
Q

Define convection using particle theory and give two examples.

A

Convection is a heat transfer in gases and liquid. Particles move to transfer heat (used in heating/cooking)

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17
Q

Describe the convection current.

A

Warm air is less dense so it rises. This current applies to air, water and the earth’s crust.

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18
Q

What is the difference between heat
(transfer of energy) and temperature
(measurement of internal energy)?

A

Heat is the measure of energy whereas temperature is the measure of internal energy depending on the kinetic energy of particles.

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19
Q

Define radiation using particle theory.

A

Radiation is the transmit of heat through waves.
Infrared radiation is het energy transmitted this way.
When radiation hits a surface, it can be absorbed, reflected or transmitted.

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20
Q

What is convection used for?

A

Cooking or heating houses

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21
Q

Why do sea breezes occur?

A

Land is warmer than the water, so the warm air rises from the land.

Cooler air drops and this forms a cycle , as the cool air rushes to fill the space of the warmer air.

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22
Q

What is absorption in relation to radiation?

A

Absorption is a radiation heat transfer through dark colours.

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23
Q

What is reflection in relation to radiation?

A

Reflection is a radiation heat transfer reflected from light colours.

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24
Q

What is transmission in relation to radiation?

A

Transmission is a radiation heat transfer through clear materials such as glass.

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25
Q

Explain how conduction, convection and radiation are involved in boiling a pot of water.

A

Heat from the stove top conducts from the hot plate to the pot through direct contact.

A convection current in the water boils the water and creates bubbles for gas to escape.

Radiation occurs as the gas escapes the pot, which also helps with making the water boil.

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26
Q

Sound is produced by…..

A

…..vibrations

27
Q

A sound wave is alternating….

A

compressions and rarefactions

28
Q

A compression is when….

A

…the air particles in a sound wave are compressed together

29
Q

A rarefaction is when….

A

….the air particles in a sound wave are spread apart

30
Q

Describe sound

A

An object vibrates and these vibrations pass into the air as regions of compressions and rarefactions.

31
Q

What are the two types of waves and which is which?

A

Longitudal: particles move in the same direction that the energy is moving.
- Soundwave

Transverse: energy carried by the waves more horizontally but particles in the wave move vertically.
- Beach Waves

32
Q

Sound travels faster in…..

A

…..denser objects and solids

33
Q

Hard surfaces…..

A

reflect sound, heard as an echo

34
Q

Time differences between sending and receiving sound can be measured, how?

A

This can be used to calculate the depth of objects by using sonar.

35
Q

What is wave frequency?

A

Frequency is the number of vibrations per second measured in hertz= Hz

36
Q

What is frequency measured in?

A

Hertz (Hz)

37
Q

Rapid vibrations produce a ……… …….. than slower vibrations.

A

higher pitch

38
Q

Higher frequency sounds have …………….

Why?

A

shorter wave length

because the compressions/rarefactions are closer together.

39
Q

Louder sounds have……….

A

a bigger amplitude

40
Q

How does the ability to hear higher frequencies change with age?

A

This ability diminishes as you get older

41
Q

The human ear….

A

detects and interprets vibrations as sounds.

42
Q

Describe the pinna/ auricle

A

Funnels sound to the ear canal

43
Q

Describe the eardrum

A

Separates outer and middle ear
- ear canal to ossicles

The eardrum is skin stretched across the inside of the ear like a drum, and vibrates when sound reaches it.

44
Q

Describe the ossicles.

A

Hammer, stirrup, anvil

Amplify the vibrations from the eardrum and connects to the oval window

45
Q

Describe the oval window

A

Separates the middle and inner ear

The oval window is a thin layer of tissue that transmits sound from the stirrup to the cochlea

46
Q

Describe the semi-circular canals

A

Filled with fluid and sense balance

Has nothing to do with hearing

47
Q

Describe the cochlea

A

Vibrations are detected by hairs and cause the fluid inside to move.

Receptors attached to these hairs convert vibrations to electrical impulses to the auditory nerve.

48
Q

Describe the auditory nerve

A

Electrical impulses travel to the brain and are interpreted as sound

49
Q

Describe the eustachian tube

A

The eustachian tube joins the middle ear, nose and throat.

Balances the air pressure on the other side of the eardrum.

50
Q

Explain the journey of a vibration/sound as it travels to the brain

A

The vibrations are transmitted by passing through the pinna, ear canal, ear drum, ossicles, oval window, cochlea and the auditory nerve to the brain, where electrical signals are interpreted as sound.

51
Q

START THE REST OF THESE QUESTIONS AT THE LIGHT SECTION OF MY BOOK…

A

…THEN WRITE ALL THE QUESTIONS FROM UNIT REVIEWS FROM THE BOOK

52
Q

LIGHT

A

LIGHT

53
Q

CONCAVE MIRRORS

A

CONVEX MIRRORS

54
Q

HOW TO DRAW RAY DIAGRAMS

A

TERMS

55
Q

LUMINOUS NON LUMINOUS

A

PLANE MIRRORS

56
Q

REFRACTIVE INDEX

A

INTERNAL REFLECTION

57
Q

DEPTH ILLUSIONS

A

ANY INTERESTING FACT SECTIONS IN THE TEXTBOOK THAT COULD BE MENTIONED IN THE EXAM- LIKE THE BEE STING THING IN THE LAST TEST

58
Q

REFRACTION IN DIFFERENT MEDIUMS

A

VISIBLE LIGHT SPECTRUM

59
Q

ANY OTHER STUFF

A

THAT MIGHT BE NEEDED IDK

60
Q

SONAR RELATED QUESTIONS- fish, boats etc.

A

is pitch the same as frequency of is a high frequency sound something that is high pitched????

61
Q

What is amplitude?

A

and what is wavelength?

which is which????

62
Q

ALSO WRITE OUT ALL OF THE DEFINITIONS IN THE GLOSSARY SECTION- in another deck because theres too many already…

A

…OF THE ONES THAT ARENT ALREADY WRITTEN IN THE QUESTIONS I HAVE…

63
Q

What is the structure and function of the cochlea implant?

A

The Cochlea Implant (hearing aid) is a solution for people with a hearing loss. It is responsible for converting sound waves into electrical impulses/neural messages to the brain through the auditory nerve. It is very effective.

When a cochlea implant is implanted, a microphone, speech processor and transmitting coil and receiver is worn.

64
Q

List 5 or more luminous and non-luminous objects.

A 
Luminous:
Sun
Electricity/Lighting
Electronics' Screens
Glow Sticks
Lightning
Firefly/Nemo fish
Non-Luminous:
Moon/Planets
Road Reflectors
Tin Roof
Earrings
Projector on whiteboard
Knives
Anything that doesn't produce its own light, and instead reflect light from another source

Science 2015 (7 decks)

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