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Science 2015 > Heat, Light and Sound > Flashcards

Heat, Light and Sound Flashcards

1
Q

What do thermometers measure?

A

Temperature

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2
Q

What is heat a measure of?

A

Heat is a measure of energy.

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3
Q

What is temperature a measure of?

A

Temperature is a measure of the kinetic energy of the particles or how quickly they are moving.

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4
Q

Hotter particles are…….

A

Hotter particles are faster

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5
Q

What are the three units of temperature?

A

Degrees celsius, fahrenheit, and kelvin.

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6
Q

The bigger the temperature difference the …………… the heat flows

A

The bigger the temperature difference the faster the heat flows.

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7
Q

What are the three types of heat transfer?

A

Conduction, Convection and Radiation.

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8
Q

Define Conduction using particle theory.

A

Conduction is a heat transfer involving vibrating particles in solids through direct contact of the object.

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9
Q

What does conduction explain?

A

Conduction explains why ice feels cold (warmth flows from your hands to the ice) or why a cup of coffee feels hot.

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10
Q

If the object feels cold it is

A

absorbing heat (endothermic)

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11
Q

If the object feels hot it is

A

giving heat out (exothermic)

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12
Q

What are conductors?

A

Conductors are substances that transfer heat easily

eg. metals

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13
Q

What are insulators?

A

Insulators are bad conductors

eg. plastics, cloth, wood, rubber

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14
Q

Are gases good or poor conductors?

A

Gases are poor conductors.

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15
Q

Why are gases poor conductors?

Give an example…

A

Doonas or sleeping bags trap air to keep us warm, so gases are poor conductors and good insulators.

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16
Q

Define convection using particle theory and give two examples.

A

Convection is a heat transfer in gases and liquid. Particles move to transfer heat (used in heating/cooking)

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17
Q

Describe the convection current.

A

Warm air is less dense so it rises. This current applies to air, water and the earth’s crust.

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18
Q

What is the difference between heat
(transfer of energy) and temperature
(measurement of internal energy)?

A

Heat is the measure of energy whereas temperature is the measure of internal energy depending on the kinetic energy of particles.

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19
Q

Define radiation using particle theory.

A

Radiation is the transmit of heat through waves.
Infrared radiation is het energy transmitted this way.
When radiation hits a surface, it can be absorbed, reflected or transmitted.

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20
Q

What is convection used for?

A

Cooking or heating houses

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21
Q

Why do sea breezes occur?

A

Land is warmer than the water, so the warm air rises from the land.

Cooler air drops and this forms a cycle , as the cool air rushes to fill the space of the warmer air.

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22
Q

What is absorption in relation to radiation?

A

Absorption is a radiation heat transfer through dark colours.

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23
Q

What is reflection in relation to radiation?

A

Reflection is a radiation heat transfer reflected from light colours.

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24
Q

What is transmission in relation to radiation?

A

Transmission is a radiation heat transfer through clear materials such as glass.

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25
Explain how conduction, convection and radiation are involved in boiling a pot of water.
Heat from the stove top conducts from the hot plate to the pot through direct contact. A convection current in the water boils the water and creates bubbles for gas to escape. Radiation occurs as the gas escapes the pot, which also helps with making the water boil.
26
Sound is produced by.....
.....vibrations
27
A sound wave is alternating....
compressions and rarefactions
28
A compression is when....
...the air particles in a sound wave are compressed together
29
A rarefaction is when....
....the air particles in a sound wave are spread apart
30
Describe sound
An object vibrates and these vibrations pass into the air as regions of compressions and rarefactions.
31
What are the two types of waves and which is which?
Longitudal: particles move in the same direction that the energy is moving. - Soundwave Transverse: energy carried by the waves more horizontally but particles in the wave move vertically. - Beach Waves
32
Sound travels faster in.....
.....denser objects and solids
33
Hard surfaces.....
reflect sound, heard as an echo
34
Time differences between sending and receiving sound can be measured, how?
This can be used to calculate the depth of objects by using sonar.
35
What is wave frequency?
Frequency is the number of vibrations per second measured in hertz= Hz
36
What is frequency measured in?
Hertz (Hz)
37
Rapid vibrations produce a ......... ........ than slower vibrations.
higher pitch
38
Higher frequency sounds have ................ Why?
shorter wave length | because the compressions/rarefactions are closer together.
39
Louder sounds have..........
a bigger amplitude
40
How does the ability to hear higher frequencies change with age?
This ability diminishes as you get older
41
The human ear....
detects and interprets vibrations as sounds.
42
Describe the pinna/ auricle
Funnels sound to the ear canal
43
Describe the eardrum
Separates outer and middle ear - ear canal to ossicles The eardrum is skin stretched across the inside of the ear like a drum, and vibrates when sound reaches it.
44
Describe the ossicles.
Hammer, stirrup, anvil Amplify the vibrations from the eardrum and connects to the oval window
45
Describe the oval window
Separates the middle and inner ear The oval window is a thin layer of tissue that transmits sound from the stirrup to the cochlea
46
Describe the semi-circular canals
Filled with fluid and sense balance | Has nothing to do with hearing
47
Describe the cochlea
Vibrations are detected by hairs and cause the fluid inside to move. Receptors attached to these hairs convert vibrations to electrical impulses to the auditory nerve.
48
Describe the auditory nerve
Electrical impulses travel to the brain and are interpreted as sound
49
Describe the eustachian tube
The eustachian tube joins the middle ear, nose and throat. Balances the air pressure on the other side of the eardrum.
50
Explain the journey of a vibration/sound as it travels to the brain
The vibrations are transmitted by passing through the pinna, ear canal, ear drum, ossicles, oval window, cochlea and the auditory nerve to the brain, where electrical signals are interpreted as sound.
51
START THE REST OF THESE QUESTIONS AT THE LIGHT SECTION OF MY BOOK...
...THEN WRITE ALL THE QUESTIONS FROM UNIT REVIEWS FROM THE BOOK
52
LIGHT
LIGHT
53
CONCAVE MIRRORS
CONVEX MIRRORS
54
HOW TO DRAW RAY DIAGRAMS
TERMS
55
LUMINOUS NON LUMINOUS
PLANE MIRRORS
56
REFRACTIVE INDEX
INTERNAL REFLECTION
57
DEPTH ILLUSIONS
ANY INTERESTING FACT SECTIONS IN THE TEXTBOOK THAT COULD BE MENTIONED IN THE EXAM- LIKE THE BEE STING THING IN THE LAST TEST
58
REFRACTION IN DIFFERENT MEDIUMS
VISIBLE LIGHT SPECTRUM
59
ANY OTHER STUFF
THAT MIGHT BE NEEDED IDK
60
SONAR RELATED QUESTIONS- fish, boats etc.
is pitch the same as frequency of is a high frequency sound something that is high pitched????
61
What is amplitude?
and what is wavelength? | which is which????
62
ALSO WRITE OUT ALL OF THE DEFINITIONS IN THE GLOSSARY SECTION- in another deck because theres too many already...
...OF THE ONES THAT ARENT ALREADY WRITTEN IN THE QUESTIONS I HAVE...
63
What is the structure and function of the cochlea implant?
The Cochlea Implant (hearing aid) is a solution for people with a hearing loss. It is responsible for converting sound waves into electrical impulses/neural messages to the brain through the auditory nerve. It is very effective. When a cochlea implant is implanted, a microphone, speech processor and transmitting coil and receiver is worn.
64
List 5 or more luminous and non-luminous objects.
``` Luminous: Sun Electricity/Lighting Electronics' Screens Glow Sticks Lightning Firefly/Nemo fish ``` ``` Non-Luminous: Moon/Planets Road Reflectors Tin Roof Earrings Projector on whiteboard Knives Anything that doesn't produce its own light, and instead reflect light from another source ```

Science 2015 (7 decks)

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