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Science 2015 > Chemistry- Chapter 2.1, 2.3, 3.1, 3.2 > Flashcards

Chemistry- Chapter 2.1, 2.3, 3.1, 3.2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the properties of metals?

A

The properties of metals:

-Electrical/ thermal conductor

  • All solids (except mercury)
  • Left side of the periodic table
  • Lustrous/shiny- polished or cut
  • Malleable and ductile (bendy and can be stretched into wires)
  • Dense
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2
Q

What are the properties of non-metals?

A

The properties of non-metals:

  • Poor electrical/thermal conductors
  • Dull when polished/cut
  • Mostly gases (solids: S and C)
  • Melt at low heat
  • Brittle
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3
Q

Define an alloy

A

An alloy is:

a metal (base metal) combined with small amounts of another element to make it stronger.

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4
Q

What are some of the metals used in their pure form and what are they used for?

A

Aluminium:
pans, cans and aluminium foil

Copper:
Electrical wiring

Mercury:
Clinical thermometers

Sodium:
Nuclear reactant cooler

Tin: Coating for steel food cans

Zinc:
Coating for iron and steel
(galvanised iron)

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5
Q

What are some examples of alloys and what are they used for?

A

Brass (copper and zinc) used for door hinges, handles and trumpets and trombones.

Bronze (copper and tin) is used for statues, ornaments and bells

Dental anagram ( Mercury, silver, copper,zinc and traces of tin) used for tooth fillings.

Solder (tin and lead) used for electrical connections

Cupronickel (copper, nickel) used in ‘silver’ coins

Electroplated nickel silver (EPNS) (Cu, Zn, Ni) plated onto cutlery, plates and bowls.

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6
Q

Mag wheels (alloy wheels) are made from…

A

An alloy of magnesium and aluminium

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7
Q

What are the three allotropes of carbon?

A

The three allotropes of carbon are
Amorphous carbon
Diamond
Graphite

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8
Q

What is amorphous carbon?

A

Amorphous carbon is black powder on burnt toast, after bushfires, in charcoal and in coal.
Also the burnt part of toasted marshmallow

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9
Q

What is graphite and what is it used for?

A

Graphite is a soft, slippery solid that conducts electricity and is used as lubricant, electrodes in batteries and in lead pencils.

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10
Q

What is diamond?

A

Diamond is the hardest known natural substance that is brittle and used in tools and jewellery.

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11
Q

How was diamond proved to be a form of carbon?

A

Sir Humphrey Davy burned diamond and was left with CO2, so he proved diamond is a form of carbon.

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12
Q

Steel changes to stainless steel after what happens?

A

Steel changes to stainless steel when chromium and nickel is added to it.
This makes it rust resistant and used in surgical instruments and jewellery for body piercings.

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13
Q

Is pure gold strong or brittle?

A

Pure gold is brittle and this is why silver and or copper is added to make a stronger alloy.

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14
Q

How many carats is pure gold?

A

Pure gold is 24 carat

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15
Q

How many carat gold is jewellery usually?

A

Jewellery is usually 18 carat

This means 18/24 is gold.

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16
Q

List the names and symbols for three metals non metals and metalloids.

A

METALS
aluminium, Al
Iron, Fe
Magnesium, Mg

NON METALS
Helium, He
Neon, Ne
Selenium, Se

METALLOIDS
boron, B
Silicon, Si
Germanium, Ge

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17
Q

What is silicon used for?

A

Silicon is used in computer chips in laptops LED TVs and ipads

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18
Q

What is the only metal that is liquid at room temperature?

A

Mercury is the only metal that is a liquid at room temperature.

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19
Q

What is the base metal of stainless steel?

A

The base for stainless steel is iron

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20
Q

What is the added metals that give stainless steel its rust resistance?

A

The added metals that give stainless steel its rust resistance are chromium and nickel.

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21
Q

Why do most metals sink in water?

A

Most metals sink in water because they are more dense than water.

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22
Q

Why is the softness and slipperiness of graphite good for lead pencils?

A

Soft and slipperiness of graphite is good for lead pencils because it makes it easier to write

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23
Q

Explain how you can show that diamond and graphite is from the same element.

A

Their similar atomic structure

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24
Q

What is the metal that is common to both alloys brass and bronze?

A

Copper is common to both alloys of brass and bronze

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25
Q

What are two physical properties that make metal ideal materials for electrical wires?

A

Metals are ideal materials for electrical wires because they are ductile and conduct electricity

26
Q

What fraction of gold is in a 12 carat gold ring?.

A

12/24= 50%

27
Q

What fraction of gold is in a 9 carat gold earring?

A

9/24

28
Q

What fraction of gold is in a 22 carat gold necklace chain?

A

22/24

29
Q

Wood, paper and food scraps all burn then leave charcoal/ash behind so what’s their basic element?

A

Wood, paper and food scraps all have carbon for their basic element.

30
Q

Compare three allotropes of carbon by listing their similarities and differences.

A

Graphite: only conductor of electricity
Diamond: brittle and lustrous only
Amorphous: charcoal and coal only

31
Q

Define an acid and give examples

A

An acid is a substance that releases hydrogen ions into an aqueous solution.

Some examples of this include:
hydrochloric acid: HCl in your stomach
Ethanoic acid (acetic acid) that’s found in vinegar

32
Q

What are the characteristics of acids?

A

Acids are:

Sour
Conduct electricity when dissolved in water
HCl, HNO3, H2SO4 are strong acids

Concentrated acids have lots of acid molecules and less solvent
Dilute acids have less acid molecules and more solvent

Strong acids break into ions easily (H+ is the acidic one)
Weak acids stay as molecules and don’t break into ions easily

33
Q

What are the characteristics of bases?

A

Bases are:

Bitter
Feel soapy
Neutralise acids
Produce OH-ions in solution
Can be strong, weak, concentrated or dilute
Metal oxides and hydroxides are both bases

34
Q

What is pH?

A

pH is a measure of the concentration of H+ ions in a solution

pH can range from 1 (very acidic) to 14 (very basic)

35
Q

Acid + metal ➡️ ???

A

Acid + metal ➡️ H2 + salt

Eg.
Hydrochloric acid + zinc ➡️ H2+ zinc chloride
HCl (aq.) + Zn (s) ➡️ H2 (g) + ZnCl2 (aq.)
2HCl (aq.) + Zn (s) ➡️ H2 + Zn Cl2

36
Q

Acid + base (neutralisation) ➡️ ???

A

Acid + base (neutralisation) ➡️ H20 + salt

Eg.
HCl (aq.) + NaOH (s) ➡️ H2O (l) + NaCl (aq)

37
Q

Most salts are….

A

Aqueous

38
Q

Acid + carbonate ➡️ ………

A

Acid + carbonate ➡️ H2O+CO2+ salt

Eg.
Calcium carbonate+ nitric acid
CaCO3(s)+ HNO3(aq) ➡️ H2O+CO2+ Ca(NO3)2
CaCO3(s)+2HNO3(aq) ➡️ H2O+CO2+Ca(NO3)2

39
Q

What is the chemical formula for Hydrochloric acid?

A

Hydrochloric acid: HCl

40
Q

What is the chemical formula for sulfuric acid?

A

Sulfuric acid: H2SO4

41
Q

What is the chemical formula for nitric acid?

A

Nitric acid: HNO3

42
Q

What is the chemical formula for magnesium hydroxide?

A

Magnesium hydroxide: Mg(OH)2

43
Q

Endothermic reactions…

A

… Absorb energy/ heat

44
Q

Exothermic reactions…

A

… Release energy/ heat

45
Q

What is corrosion?

A

Corrosion is the reaction of oxygen with metal

46
Q

What is the chemical formula for calcium hydroxide?

A

Calcium hydroxide: Ca(OH)2

47
Q

What is the chemical formula for sodium hydroxide or caustic soda?

A

Sodium hydroxide/ caustic soda: NaOH

48
Q

What is the chemical formula for ethanoic/ acetic acid?

A

Ethanoic acid/ acetic acid/ vinegar: CH3COOH

49
Q

On the pH scale, neutral solutions like water have…

A

…A pH of 7

50
Q

On the pH scale, acidic solutions have…

A

…a pH of less than 7

51
Q

On the pH scale, basic/ alkaline solutions have…

A

…. A pH greater than 7

52
Q

Which acid is in milk?

A

Lactic acid is in milk

53
Q

Which acid is in vinegar?

A

Ethanoic acid is in vinegar

54
Q

Which acid is in lemons?

A

Citric acid is in lemons

55
Q

NH3 is which base?

A

Ammonia

56
Q

Give the name and formula of two strong bases

A

Calcium hydroxide: Ca(OH)2 and

Sodium hydroxide: NaOH are two strong bases

57
Q

The base of paint stripper is…

A

…sodium hydroxide

58
Q

The base of cement is…

A

…calcium hydroxide

59
Q

The base of baking soda is…

A

…sodium hydrogen carbonate

60
Q

Which type of ion is formed by acids?

A

Hydrogen ions are formed by acids

61
Q

Which type of ion is formed by bases?

A

Hydroxide ions are formed by bases

Science 2015 (7 decks)

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