Heat and materials (C14,15) Flashcards

1
Q

Name 4 temperature scales

A

kelvin
farenheit
celsius
centrigrade

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2
Q

What is the zeroth law of thermodynamics

A

If A is in TE with B and B is in TE with C then A is in TE with C

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3
Q

What defines celsius scale

A

0 is the triple point (solid, liquid gas)

100 is steam point

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4
Q

What is a thermometric propety?

A

What changes due to temperature (e.g. volume, pressure)

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5
Q

Whats an advantage and disadvantage of mercury thermometers

A

Expands uniformly as it conducts heat well

expensive and poisonous

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6
Q

What is an advantage and disadvantage of alcohol based thermometer

A

Large expansion

wets surface

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7
Q

what is the absolute scale and what is based on

A

0 is when there is no internal energy –> kelvin

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8
Q

what is absolute zero in celsius

A

-273 deg C

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9
Q

Describe the particle model of a solid

A

essentially touching
often crystalline
vibration
strong electrostatic attraction

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10
Q

What is brownian motion

A

this is the random collisions of particles

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11
Q

Why do objects expand as they heat up

A
PE rises, the vibrations increase
The rupulsion (proton to proton) increases quicker than the attraction (proton to electron) so the equlibrium shifts out
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12
Q

What is internal energy

A

sum of potential and kinetic energy

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13
Q

what is absolute zero

A

when a substance has zero kinetic energy

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14
Q

What happens to temperature when state changes

A

stays the same

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15
Q

Why is bond energy negative

A

as energy must be supplied to break the bonds

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16
Q

How can SHC be determined

A

mixing with a pre determined substance
measuring their masses and the temperature change
(energy is equal)

17
Q

What is latent heat of fusion

A

energy to change state between solid and liquid or liquid to solid

18
Q

What is latent heat of vaporisation

A

energy to change state between liquid to gas or vice versa

19
Q

What is a mole

A

the number of atoms in 12g of carbon-12

20
Q

Formula for number of atoms

A

N = n*Na

number of moles * avogadros

21
Q

Formula for mass

A

number of moles * molar mass

22
Q

6 ideal gas assumptions

A

large number of gas particles
random direction, random speeds
elastic collisions
time during collisions is neglible
electrostatic forces only matter in collisions
particles operate a neglible volume compared to gas

23
Q

What is gas pressure

A

molecules colliding with thei contaoners and as there is a change in momentum there is a force exerted

24
Q

What is Boyle’s law

A

p inversely proportional to volume

25
What is charles law
volume is proportional to temperature
26
gay lussac
p is proportional to temperature
27
What is n in pV=nRT
number of moles
28
whats is N in pV=NkT
Number of molecules
29
What's the average velocity of gas particles in a container
0 (vector)
30
How is root mean square speed calculator
square everything find mean square root
31
What does the Maxwell-Boltzmann curve show
the whole range of speeds in a substance
32
Temperature is proportional to
Kinetic energy and therefore related to the speed
33
What must temperature always be in
kelvin
34
Why are there few lighter molecules in our atmosphere
they reached excape velocity
35
internal energy for an ideal gas is
only kinetic