Heat and Cooling

Question 1

4 Hemodynamics of Cooling

Answer 1

1. Vasodilation: arteriole/venules contract-> decrease bleeding; fluid filtration decreased
2. Metab/Vasoactive agents reduced: reduce inflam; increase blood viscosity/resistance to flow
3. Decreased warm blood flow: slower to re-warm
4. Cold Induced Vasodilation: >30 min Hunting response

Question 2

2 Metabolics of Cooling

Answer 2

1. Decreased metab/oxy demand: decrease in all tissue, inflamm reaction, and cellulary demand~ limits secondary hypoxia
2. Healing reaction reduced: slow healing increases infection risk

Question 3

4 Neuromuscular of Cooling

Answer 3

1. Depolarization threshold increased
2. Nerve conduc veloc slowed: lasts up to 15 mins; extreme cold blocks nerve
3. Pain tolerance increased: perception threshold increased
4. Muscle spasm decreased: less local neural activity

Question 4

4 Goals of Cold

Answer 4

1. Limit edema (vasoconstrict, less bleeding, less metab/vasoactives, less fluid filtration)
2. Reduce pain (slower nerve conduc veloc, higher pain tolerance via high threshold)
3. Muscle relaxation (decreased neural activity)
4. Limit secondary hypoxic injury (less metab/oxy demand of tissues)

Question 5

Cold Contraindications

Answer 5

impaired circulation
periph vascular disease
cold sensitivity
ryanaud's
infection
regenerating periph nerve

Question 6

4 Hemodynamics of Heat

Answer 6

1. Inflam mediators: vasodilat metabs
2. Superficial vasodilation
3. Increase tissue oxygen: stimulates healing
4. Decreased blood visosity

Question 7

2 Metabolics of Heat

Answer 7

1. Increased enyzmatic activity

2. Oxygen dissociation: increased uptake by tissue, more nutrients for healing

Question 8

3 Neuromuscular of Heat

Answer 8

1. Increased nerve conduction velocity
2. Decreased muscle spasm
3. Increased soft tissue extensibility/elasticity: increased flexibility, decreased joint stiffness

Question 9

5 Goals of Heat

Answer 9

1. Increase blood flow (vasodilation)
2. Reduce pain (dissipate toxic soup via vasodil)
3. Tissue healing (increase oxygenation)
4. Decrease muscle spasm (decrease neural activity)
5. Increase extensibili/elasticity

Question 10

Heat Contraindications

Answer 10

Acute injury
impaired circulation or sensation
peripheral vascular disease
malignancy
infection