Heart Valves Flashcards
What is childhood rheumatic fever likely lead to
Mitral valve problems eg regurgitation
What does a right atrium and right ventricle enlargement lead to
Tricuspid valve regurgitation
What is an embolism
Obstruction of an artery eg blood cor or air bubble
What are the valve disease investigations
ECG
CXR
Echo
Cardiac catheter
What is the difference in Primary and secondary mitral regurgitation
Primary is where the problem is with the valve itself
Secondary is the papillary muscles (valve is intact )
What is a normal ejection fraction
55-70 %
How do the cardiomyocyte contract
In unison
What do the gap junctions facilitate in cardiac cells
Electrical connections
In a GAP junction what are the tubes that allow ion transport
Connexons
What protein is found in Z lines
Alpha actinin
What protein is found in the gap junctions
Connexin 43
What transmits the electrical stimulus rapidly into the interior of the cell to promote the synchronous activation of the whole depth of the cell despite the fact that the signal to contract is relayed across the external membrane
Transverse tubules ( t-tubules)
What happens to intracellular calcium every time the heart beats
It rises during systole
What does the excitation-contraction coupling dependent on
Calcium
What are the calcium channels called
L type calcium channels
