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Biology 20 (Alberta) > Heart Structure & Circulation > Flashcards

Heart Structure & Circulation Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two major circulatory pathways?

A
  1. Pulmonary - blood moving between the heart and lungs
  2. Systemic - Blood moving from the heart to the rest of the body
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2
Q

What does “Blood Vessels” refer to?

A

Anything that acts as a “roadway” for the heart

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3
Q

What is the plural version of atrium?

A

Atria

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4
Q

What are the sounds a heart makes from?

A

Heart valves closing

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5
Q

What do arteries do?

A

Carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the rest of the body

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6
Q

What do arteries do?

A

Carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart

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7
Q

What do veins do?

A

Carry oxygen poor blood from the body, to the heart

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8
Q

What are capillaries?

A

very tiny vessels that join arteries to veins; location of gas, waste, hormone and nutrient exchange.

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9
Q

What is the Sinoatrial (SA) Node? What does it do?

A

Bundle of specialized muscle cells that electrically stimulate the atria to relax and contract (a.k.a. pacemaker)

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10
Q

What is the Atrioventricular (AV) Node? What does it do?

A

Receives the electrical signal from SA Node and transmits through specialized fibres that run down the length of the interventricular septum (called bundle of His and Purkinje fibres), causing ventricular contraction

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11
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

The pressure at which blood is being pumped through vessels. Changes in pressure correspond with phases of the heart beat

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12
Q

What is systolic pressure?

A

The maximum pressure during ventricular contraction

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13
Q

What is diastolic pressure?

A

The minimum pressure before ventricles contract again

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14
Q

What is the normal resting blood pressure?

A

120/80 (120 over 80)

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15
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

The amount of blood forced out of heart with each beat (usually measured in mL)

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16
Q

What does cardiac output measure? What does it indicate?

A

It measures heart rate and stroke volume (HR x SV) and indicates how much oxygen is being delivered to body (usually measured in mL/min)

17
Q

What is arteriosclerosis?

A

When fatty substances (ex. cholesterol) enters and thickens the artery walls, which then hardens and turns into plaque, causing narrowing of the arteries and a loss of elasticity

18
Q

What are the treatments for arteriosclerosis?

A

Angioplasty: opens blocked arteries with the insertion of a balloon pump, which is inflated and leaves behind a stent to avoid future narrowing

Triple Coronary Bypass: creates three new pathways for blood to travel through due to blockages in the existing vessels

Biology 20 (Alberta) (12 decks)

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