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Anatomy & Physiology 2 > Heart Physiology > Flashcards

Heart Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Heart Coordination

A

movement of blood is determined by the sequence of muscle contractions
- atria contracts first then the ventricles

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2
Q

Do muscle contractions happen in a certain order?

A

yes

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3
Q

What happens in the contraction of the cardiac muscle?

A

it compresses the chamber increasing the pressure and the blood flows from high to low pressure

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4
Q

stimulation of the heart

A

1.heart at rest
2. atria stimulated
3. atria contract
4. ventricles stimulated
5. ventricles contract

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5
Q

Cardiac muscle action potentials

A

changes in membrane permeability are responsible for producing action potentials and called pacemaker potential

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6
Q

Depolarization Phase

A
  • Na+ channels open
    -Ca2+ channels open
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7
Q

Plateau Phase

A

-Na+ channels close
- some K+ channels open
Ca2+ remain open

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8
Q

Repolarization Phase

A

-K+ channels are open
-Ca2+ channels close

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9
Q

what does the plateau phase do?

A

prolongs action potential by keeping Ca2+ channels open

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10
Q

action potential for cardiac and skeletal muscles

A

cardiac- 200-500msec
skeletal- 2msec

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11
Q

Conduction system

A

Contraction of the atria and ventricles is coordinated by specialized cardiac muscle cells in the heart wall that form

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12
Q

can all cells of the conduction system produce spontaneous action potential?

A

Yes

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13
Q

conduction system include

A

sinoatrial node ,atrioventricular node , atrioventricular bundle, right and left bundle branches, and purkinje fibers

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14
Q

SA node

A
  • in RA
    -where action potential originates
    -functions as a pacemaker
    -large number Ca2+ channels
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15
Q

AV node

A

-located in the lower portion of the right atrium
-action potentials from SA node sent to this node
-slow rate of action potential conduction

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16
Q

Atrioventricular bundle

A

-action potentials from AV node travel by the AV bundle to the ventricles
- AV bundle divides into a left and right bundle branches to left and right ventricles

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17
Q

Purkinje fibers

A
  • at the tips of left and right bundle branches , are purkinje fibers
  • purkinje fibers pass to the apex of the heart and then extend to the ventricle walls
  • action potentials are rapidly delivered to all the cardiac muscle of all the ventricles
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18
Q

AP path through the Heart

A
  1. SA node
  2. AV node
  3. AV bundle
  4. Right and left bundle branches
  5. Purkinje fibers
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19
Q

what keeps a record of electrical events in heart, and uses electrodes

A

ECG (EKG)

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20
Q

p wave

A

depolarization of atria

21
Q

QRS complex

A

-depolarization of ventricles
-contains QRS waves

22
Q

T wave

A

depolarization of ventricles

23
Q

what is the summative description of all events that occur during one single heartbeat?

A

cardiac cycle

24
Q

Cardiac muscle contractions produce pressure changes within OR outside of the heart chambers?

A

within

25
Q

Are the pressure changes responsible for blood movement?

A

Yes

26
Q

does blood move from low to high pressure?

A

No (high to low pressure)

27
Q

atrial systole

A

contraction of atria

28
Q

ventricle systole

A

contraction of ventricles

29
Q

atrial diastole

A

relaxation of atria

30
Q

ventricular diastole

A

relaxation of ventricles

31
Q

true/false: heart sounds are produced due to the opening of the heart valves

A

False: it is the closure

32
Q

first heart sound

A

Lubb

33
Q

second heart sound

A

dubb

34
Q

look at the heart valve locations

A
35
Q

stroke volume

A
  • volume of blood pumped per ventricle per contraction
  • 70 milliliters/ beat
36
Q

heart rate

A
  • number of heart beats in 1 min.
    -72 beats/min.
37
Q

cardiac output

A

-total volume of blood pumped by the heart in 1 min.
-5 liters/min.

38
Q

CO=SV*HR

A

cardiac output = stroke volume * heart rate

39
Q

how is the heart regulated?

A

autonomic nervous system innervation of the SA node
parasympathetic- CN X
sympathetic- sympathetic chain

40
Q

heart reflexes

A

the body senses changes in internal conditions and signals to the heart through the ANS to either increase or decrease heart rate

41
Q

baroreceptors

A
  • monitor blood pressure in the aorta and carotid arteries
    -involves the medulla oblongata
42
Q

baroreceptors reflex when bp increases

A

HR and SV decrease

43
Q

baroreceptors reflex when bp decrease

A

HR and SV increase

44
Q

Chemoreceptor refles

A

-involves chemical regulation of the heart function
-chemicals can affect HR & SV
-medulla oblongata has chemoreceptors for changes on pH and CO2

45
Q

coronary artery disease

A

-decreases blood supply to the heart
-coronary arteries are narrowed for some reason

46
Q

myocardial infarction ( heart attack)

A

-due to closure of 1+ coronary arteries, thrombus or blockage
-area of cardiac muscle lacking adequate blood supply die, and scars (infarct)

47
Q

angioplasty

A

procedure opens blocked blood vessels

48
Q

stent

A

structures inserted to keep vessels open

49
Q

bypass

A

procedures reroutes blood away from blocked arteries

Anatomy & Physiology 2 (5 decks)

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