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Anatomy & Physiology 2 > Blood Vessel Physiology > Flashcards

Blood Vessel Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

Blood pressure is the measure of force blood exerts against blood vessel walls.

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2
Q

Systolic pressure

A

-When ventricles contract and blood is pushed into the blood vessels
- Maximum pressure

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3
Q

Diastolic pressure

A
  • When the ventricles relax and blood stills
  • Minimum pressure
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4
Q

what is a normal blood pressure

A

120/80

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5
Q

know how to measure blood pressure

A
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6
Q

what is the first number on bp?

A

systolic

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7
Q

what is the second number on bp?

A

diastolic

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8
Q

where can Pulse pressure points be felt?

A

near large arteries

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9
Q

what is pulse pressure?

A

the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressures

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10
Q

how do you find pulse pressure?

A

120 for systolic / 80 for diastolic;
pulse pressure is 40 mm Hg

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11
Q

Capillary Exchange

A

-Fluid can pass through capillary walls – not only oxygen and CO2
- Fluid will pass from blood into the tissues
- Blood pressure, capillary permeability and osmosis affect movement of fluids across capillary walls.
- Fluid gained in tissues is removed by lymphatic system

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12
Q

Blood Flow Control Mechanisms

A
  • Local- Periarterial sphincters
  • Nervous - Reflexes – respond to changes in blood pressure and blood chemistry
  • Hormonal
    • Epinephrine/Norepinephrine
    • Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Mechanism
    • Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
  • Long Term Changes
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13
Q

Mean Arterial Pressure

A

-is a calculated value that reflects an average arterial pressure in various vessels of the body.
- The body’s MAP is equal to the cardiac output (CO) times the peripheral resistance (PR).

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14
Q

what is the MAP equation?

A

MAP = CO × PR

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15
Q

Cardiac output and Peripheral resistance meaning

A

-Cardiac output is equal to the heart rate (HR) times the stroke volume (SV).
- Peripheral resistance is the resistance to blood flow in all the blood vessels.

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16
Q

how is local control achieved?

A

relaxation and contraction of precapillary sphincters

17
Q

local control controls what?

A

controls how much blood gets into the tissues

18
Q

Cardioregulatory control center

A

controls the heart

19
Q

Vasomotor Control Centers

A

controls blood vessel diameter and tone

20
Q

Vasomotor Tone

A
  • State of partial constriction of blood vessels
  • Increase causes blood vessels to constrict too much and blood pressure
    to go up
21
Q

Baroreceptors reflexes

A

-help keep blood pressure in normal range
-Cause a change in peripheral resistance, heart rate, or stroke volume in response to blood pressure

22
Q

As blood pressure increases what happens?

A
  • Barorecptros detect increase
  • Vasomotor center slows sympathetic stimulation
  • Heart rate, stroke volume decrease
  • Blood vessels dilate
  • BP lowers
23
Q

As blood pressure decreases what happens?

A
  • Baroreceptors detect decrease
  • Vasomotor center increases sympathetic stimulations
  • Heart Rate, Stroke volume increase
  • Blood Vessels constrict
  • BP increase
24
Q

Chemoreceptors

A
  • Monitor blood chemistry
  • Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide and pH
  • Specialized cells in carotid bodies
    and aortic bodies inside the carotid
    sinuses and aortic arch
  • Send signals to the to cardioregulatory center in the medulla oblongata
25
Q

3 steps for Adrenal Medullary Response

A
  1. Stimuli increase sympathetic stimulation to adrenal medulla
  2. Adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine into blood
  3. This causes increased heart rate and
    stroke volume and vasoconstriction
26
Q

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

A
  1. Nerve cells in hypothalamus release
    antidiuretic hormone (ADH) when
    concentration of solutes in plasma
    increases or blood pressure decreases
  2. ADH acts on kidneys and they absorb more water (decrease urine volume)
  3. Result is to maintain blood volume and blood pressure
27
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A
  • Hardening of the arteries
  • Makes arteries less elastic and more resistant to blood flow
28
Q

Atherosclerosis

A
  • type of arteriosclerosis
  • from deposit of materials in artery walls (plaque)
29
Q

Factors that contribute to atherosclerosis

A

lack of exercise, smoking, obesity, diet high in cholesterol and trans fats

Anatomy & Physiology 2 (5 decks)

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