Heart overview Flashcards
types of cardiovascular diseases
-hypotension
-coronary heart disease=blocked/reduced flow of blood to heart
-peripheral arterial disease=blocked arteries in limbs
-strokes/TIAs (transient ischaemic attacks)=blood flow to brain cut off, haemorrhagic)
what does haemorrhagic mean
burst of weakened blood vessels
what is peripheral arterial disease
blocked arteries in limbs
what does TIA stand for
transient ischaemic attack
what is hypotension
high blood pressure
causes of cardiovascular diseases
modifiable-smoking, diabetes, obesities, alcohol, diet
genetics- family history, ethnic background, age, gender
goals of treatment
-preventive (symptoms/disease)
-curative (return to healthy state)
-manage symptoms (maximise quality of life)
-palliative (provide comfort/relief, less suffering)
what does unmet medical needs mean
a condition which treatment is not adequately addressed by existing treatments
what blood vessel carries blood from the heart to the lungs
pulmonary artery
what blood vessel carries blood from the lungs to the heart
pulmonary vein
why does the blood pressure decrease when blood is further away from the heart
because of friction from the blood vessel walls
describe what the pulmonary circulation does
oxygenation, removes carbon dioxide
describe what the systematic circulation does
distribute, gas exchange, waste removal
structure of the heart
epicardium- fibrous and serous layers
myocardium- myocytes
endocardium- endothelium like blood vessel lining
valves- atrioventricular, semilunar
chambers
what does serous mean
lubricated
what are intercalated discs
fibres formed by individuals cells joined end to end by specialised junctions
why are intercalated discs important
ensure tight interactions and mediated electrical coupling
what is actin
thin filament
what is myosin
thick filament
how do filaments create contractions and what do they depend on
slide over each other, depends on CA+ conc
(synaptic transmission)
what is a sarcomere
unit of muscle that contracts, is made of actin and myosin
how are contractions synchronised
via intercalated cells and junctions between them, the junctions ensure the cardiac muscle functions as a syncytium (single cell)
list the 5 components that make up a sarcomere
Z line- demark each sarcomere
M line- middle of sarcomere made of myosin
I band- only actin, between 2 sarcomeres
H band- azne around M line
A band- length of myosin
what is the sinoatrial node
cardiac pace maker, intrinsic auto-rythmicity
what path do impulses take
wave of excitation, SAN,AVN, myocytes via purkinje fibres and bundle of HIS
two types of nervous systems
central and peripheral
what is systole and diastole
systole is contract and diastole is relax
two types of the peripheral nervous system
somatic(conscious) and autonomic(non-voluntary)
