Heart Murmurs Flashcards

1
Q

Holosystolic, high-pitched “blowing murmur”?

A

Mitral/tricuspid regurg

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2
Q

Crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click?

A

Aortic stenosis

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3
Q

Holosystolic, harsh-sounding murmur?

A

VSD

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4
Q

Late systolic crescendo murmur with midsystolic click?

A

Mitral valve prolapse

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5
Q

Immediate high-pitched “blowing” diastolic decrescendo murmur?

A

Aortic regurg

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6
Q

Follows opening snap?

A

Mitral stenosis

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7
Q

Continuous machine-like murmur?

A

PDA

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8
Q

Radiates carotids and heart base?

A

Aortic stenosis

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9
Q

Pulses are weak with a delayed peak (compared to heart sounds)?

A

“Pulsus parvus et tardus”–aortic stenosis

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10
Q

Syncope, angina, and dyspnea on exertion?

A

Aortic stenosis is SAD

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11
Q

Due to age-related calcifications?

A

Aortic stenosis

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12
Q

Presents with bounding pulses, head bobbing, and wide pulse pressure?

A

Aortic regurg

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13
Q

Delayed rumbling late diastolic murmur?

A

Mitral stenosis

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14
Q

Murmur caused by congenital rubella or prematurity?

A

PDA

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15
Q

Cause of ejection click?

A

Due to abrupt halting of valve leaflets

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16
Q

Cause of midsystolic click?

A

Due to sudden tensing of chordae tendineae

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17
Q

Cause of opening snap?

A

Due to abrupt halt in leaflet motion in diastole, after rapid opening due to fusion at leaflet tips

18
Q

Most common valvular lesion?

A

Mitral valve prolapse

19
Q

Holosystolic murmurs?

A

Mitral/tricuspid regurg, VSD

20
Q

Pulmonary flow murmur and a diastolic rumble?

A

ASD

21
Q

Loudest at apex and radiates toward axilla?

A

Mitral regurg

22
Q

Loudest at tricuspid area and radiates to right sternal border?

A

Tricuspid regurg

23
Q

Site where VSD is loudest?

A

Tricuspid area

24
Q

Best site to hear MVP?

A

Apex

25
Q

Best heard at left infraclavicular area?

A

PDA

26
Q

Dicrotic/bigeminal pulses?

A

Pulse with 2 distinct peaks caused by a normal beat alternating with a premature beat

27
Q

Pulsus alternans?

A

Pulse with a beat-to-beat variation in magnitude of pulse pressure even tho it has a regular rhythm–indicates LV dysfunction

28
Q

Pulsus paradoxus?

A

Pulse that decreases with inspiration seen in tamponade or pericarditis

29
Q

Water-hammer pulse?

A

Bounding, forceful pulse assoc with aortic regurg

30
Q

How to increase intensity of right heart sounds?

A

Inspiration

31
Q

How to increase intensity of left heart sounds?

A

Expiration

32
Q

Hand grip?

A

Increase systemic vascular resistance (increases intensity of regurg murmurs, decreases intensity of stenotic murmurs)

33
Q

Valsalva?

A

Decrease venous return (decreases intensity of most murmurs)

34
Q

Rapid squatting?

A

Increase venous return, increase preload, increase afterload with prolonged squatting

35
Q

Most common cause of mitral stenosis?

A

Rheumatic fever

36
Q

VSD tx?

A

Sildenafil (for pulmonary HTN) or surgery

37
Q

Blowing murmurs?

A

1) Mitral and tricuspid regurg

2) Aortic regurg

38
Q

Harsh sounding?

A

VSD

39
Q

Rumbling?

A

Mitral stenosis

40
Q

How do you increase murmurs in MVP and hypertrophic CM?

A

1) Valsalva

2) Standing

41
Q

How do you decrease murmurs in MVP and hypertrophic CM?

A

Squatting

42
Q

Midsystolic murmur with a musical quality best heard bt apex and left sternal border?

A

Still’s murmur