Equations

Question 1

CO?

Answer 1

CO = SV x HR

Question 2

CO by the Fick principle?

Answer 2

Rate of O2 consumption / arterial O2 content - venous O2 content

Question 3

MAP?

Answer 3

CO x TPR

Question 4

MAP via pressure?

Answer 4

2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure

Question 5

Pulse pressure?

Answer 5

Systolic pressure - diastolic pressure (proportional to stroke volume)

Question 6

SV?

Answer 6

EDV - ESV (or CO/HR)

Question 7

Starling’s law?

Answer 7

Force of contraction is proportional to initial (EDV) length of myocyte

Question 8

Ejection fraction?

Answer 8

SV / EDV = EDV - ESV / EDV

Question 9

Pressure?

Answer 9

P = flow (Q) x resistance (R)

Question 10

Resistance?

Answer 10

8n (viscosity) x length / pi r^4

Question 11

Total resistance in series?

Answer 11

R1 + R2 + R3…

Question 12

Total resitance in parallel?

Answer 12

1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3…

Question 13

Net filtration pressure?

Answer 13

[(Pc - Pi) - (pic - pii)]

Hydrostatic pressure - oncotic pressure

Question 14

a wave?

Answer 14

Atrial contraction

Question 15

c wave?

Answer 15

RV Contraction (closed triCuspid valve bulging into atrium)

Question 16

x descent?

Answer 16

Atrial relaXation and downward displacement of closed tricuspid valve during ventricular contraction

Question 17

v wave?

Answer 17

High atrial pressure due to filling against closed tricuspid valve (Venous filling)

Question 18

y descent?

Answer 18

Blood flow from RA to RV (rapid emptYing)