Heart Murmurs Flashcards
Mitral/Tricuspid Regurgitation Description
Holosystolic, High-Pitched Blowing Murmur
Where is MR heard and radiated to?
- Loudest at apex.
- Radiates toward axilla.
What is MR enhanced by?
- Enhanced by maneuvers that increase TPR (squatting, hand grip) or LA return (expiration).
Causes of MR
Ischemic Heart Disease, Mitral Valve Prolapse Rheumatic Fever, Infective Endocarditis, or LV Dilation (DCM)
Where is TR heard and radiated to?
Loudest at tricuspid area and radiates to right sternal border
TR Enhanced by
Maneuvers that increase RA return (inspiration)
Causes of TR
RV Dilation (DCM), Rheumatic Fever, and Infective Endocarditis
Description of Aortic Stenosis
- Crescendo-Decrescendo Systolic Ejection Murmur Following Ejection click due to abrupt halting of valve leaflets.
Aortic Stenosis radiates to
Carotids/heart base
Aortic Stenosis can lead to
SAD
- Syncope, Angina, and Dyspnea on exertion
Aortic Stenosis often due to
Age-related (>70 yrs) calcific aortic stenosis or bicuspid aortic valve (congenital and shows up ages 50-60 yrs)
Findings of Aortic Stenosis
LV Hypertrophy (common) and LV pressure greater than Aortic Pressure during Systole
Ejection Click of Aortic Stenosis occurs
Just after S1
Description of Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
Holosystolic, Harsh-Sounding Murmur
VSD Found at and enhanced by
- Tricuspid area
- Enhanced by hand grip maneuver due to increased afterload