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Cardio First Aid USMLE Step 1 > Cardio Pharm > Flashcards

Cardio Pharm Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Direct acting arteriole dilator (increases cGMP). Decreases TPR (afterload).

A

Hydralazine mechanism of action?

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2
Q

Sever hypertension, CHF. First line HTN tx in pregnancy (with methyldopa).

A

Hydralazine uses?

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3
Q

Drug-induced SLE in slow acetylators, reflex tachycardia, headache, angina.

A

Hydralazine side effects?

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4
Q

Inhibits L-type voltage gated calcium channels. Vasodilator (arteiroles). Low heart affinity.

A

Nifedipine, amlodipine mechanism of action?

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5
Q

Prinzmetal’s angina, Raynaud’s phenomenon, Berry aneurysms, hypertension.

A

Nifedipine, amlodipine uses?

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6
Q

Cardiac depression, AV block, peripheral edema, flushing, dizziness, constipation. Reflex tachycardia, gingival hyperplasia.

A

Nifedipine, amlodipine side effects?

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7
Q

Inhibits L-type voltage gated calcium channels. Decreases contractility, AV conduction velocity. Low artery affinity. Class IV antiarrhythmics (increase ERP, PR interval).

A

Verapamil mechanism of action?

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8
Q

Hypertension, angina, arrhythmias (SVT).

A

Verapamil uses?

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9
Q

Cardiac depression, AV block, peripheral edema, flushing, dizziness, heavy constipation. Gingival hyperplasia.&laquo_space;Increases toxicity of digoxin by displacing from tissue-binding sites.»

A

Verapamil side effects?

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10
Q

Inhibits L-type voltage gated calcium channels. Decreases contractility, AV conduction velocity. Low artery affinity. Class IV antiarrhythmics (increase ERP, PR interval).

A

Diltiazem mechanism of action?

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11
Q

Hypertension, angina, arrhythmias (SVT).

A

Diltiazem uses?

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12
Q

Cardiac depression, AV block, peripheral edema, flushing, dizziness, constipation.

A

Diltiazem side effects?

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13
Q

Vasodilation and venodilation (increases cGMP via direct release of nitrous oxide).

A

Nitroprusside mechanism of action?

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14
Q

Malignant hypertension.

A

Nitroprusside uses?

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15
Q

Limit treatment to 24-36 hours. Cyanide toxicity (altered mental status, lactic acidosis). Treat toxicity with nitrites, hydroxocobalamin, and sodium thiosulfate (sulfur).

A

Nitroprusside side effects?

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16
Q

D1 receptor agonist; relaxes renal vascular smooth muscle. Artery vasodilator.

A

Fenoldopam mechanism of action?

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17
Q

Malignant hypertension. Increases renal perfusion.

A

Fenoldopam uses?

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18
Q

Direct acting arteriole vasoldiator. ATP dependent K+ channel opener; hyperpolarizes and relaxes vascular smooth muscle.

A

Diazoxide mechanism of action?

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19
Q

Malignant hypertension. Insulinomas.

A

Diazoxide uses?

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20
Q

Hyperglycemia (reduces insulin release).

A

Diazoxide side effects?

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21
Q

Direct acting arteriole vasoldiator. ATP dependent K+ channel opener; hyperpolarizes and relaxes vascular smooth muscle.

A

Minoxidil mechanism of action?

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22
Q

Sever hypertension (IV), baldness (topical).

A

Minoxidil uses?

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23
Q

{{Hypertrichosis, pericardial effusion}}, reflex tachycardia, angina, salt retention. {{Hyperglycemia (reduces insulin release).}}

A

Minoxidil side effects?

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24
Q

Venodilation (increases cGMP, inducing dephosphorylation of myosin light chain). Has largest effect on large veins. Production of NO requires cystine on glutathione (GSH).

A

Nitroglycerin, isorbide dinitrate mechanism of action?

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25
Q

Effort angina, pulmonary edema.

A

Nitroglycerin, isorbide dinitrate uses?

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26
Q

Reflex tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, HEADACHE*. Rapid tolerance (tachyphylaxis due to depletion of GSH). Cardiotoxicity when used with sildenafil (massive drop in TPR causes reflex tachycardia and possible MI).

A

Nitroglycerin, isorbide dinitrate side effects?

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27
Q

Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase (decrease mevalonate/cholesterol production). Improves survival by inhibiting inflammation.

A

Lovastatin (-statin) mechanism of action?

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28
Q

Decreases VLDL (TGs), LDL (cholesterol). Increases HDL. Primarily used to lower CHOLESTEROL.

A

Lovastatin (-statin) uses?

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29
Q

Hepatotoxicity, myositis, rhabdomyolysis (especially with gemfibrozil).

A

Lovastatin (-statin) side effects?

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30
Q

Inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue; reduces hepatic VLDL secretion into circulation.

A

Niacin mechanism of action?

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31
Q

Increases HDL, lowers LDL (cholesterol). Greatly lowers VLDL (triglycerides). Primarily used to lower TRIGLYCERIDES.

A

Niacin uses?

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32
Q

{{Flushing (tx with aspirin)}}. Hyperglycemia (acanthosis nigricans). {{Hyperuricemia }}(exacerbates gout).

A

Niacin side effects?

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33
Q

Prevents intestinal reabsorption of bile acids; liver must consume cholesterol to make replenish lost bile.

A

Cholestyramine mechanism of action?

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34
Q

Decreases LDL (cholesterol); mild increase of VLDL and HDL.

A

Cholestyramine uses?

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35
Q

Patients hate it; tastes horrible and causes GI discomfort. Affects absorption of ADEK vitamins and other medications (digoxin, warfarin). Gallstones. Contraindicate with hypertriglyceridemia.

A

Cholestyramine side effects?

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36
Q

Prevents intestinal reabsorption of bile acids; liver must consume cholesterol to make replenish lost bile.

A

Cholestipol mechanism of action?

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37
Q

Decreases LDL (cholesterol); mild increase of VLDL and HDL.

A

Cholestipol uses?

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38
Q

Patients hate it; tastes horrible and causes GI discomfort. Affects absorption of ADEK vitamins and other medications (digoxin, warfarin). Gallstones. Contraindicate with hypertriglyceridemia.

A

Cholestipol side effects?

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39
Q

Prevents intestinal reabsorption of bile acids; liver must consume cholesterol to make replenish lost bile.

A

Colesevelam mechanism of action?

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40
Q

Decreases LDL (cholesterol); mild increase of VLDL and HDL.

A

Colesevelam uses?

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41
Q

Patients hate it; tastes horrible and causes GI discomfort. Affects absorption of ADEK vitamins and other medications (digoxin, warfarin). Gallstones. Contraindicate with hypertriglyceridemia.

A

Colesevelam side effects?

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42
Q

Prevent cholesterol reabsorption at small intestine brush border.

A

Ezetimibe mechanism of action?

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43
Q

Lowers LDL (cholesterol).

A

Ezetimibe uses?

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44
Q

Hepatotoxicity (elevated AST, ALT).

A

Ezetimibe side effects?

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45
Q

Induces LPL (via PPAR-alpha) leading to increased TG clearance).

A

Gemfibrozil mechanism of action?

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46
Q

Hypertryglyceridemia (increases VLDL uptake).

A

Gemfibrozil uses?

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47
Q

Myositis, hepatotoxicity, gallstones (inhibits 7-alpha hydroxylase), rhabdomyolysis.

A

Gemfibrozil side effects?

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48
Q

Induces LPL (via PPAR-alpha) leading to increased TG clearance).

A

Clofibrate, bezafibrate, fenofibrate (-fibrate) mechanism of action?

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49
Q

Hypertryglyceridemia (increases VLDL uptake).

A

Clofibrate, bezafibrate, fenofibrate (-fibrate) uses?

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50
Q

Hepatotoxicity, gallstones (inhibits 7-alpha hydroxylase). No rhabdomyolysis.

A

Clofibrate, bezafibrate, fenofibrate (-fibrate) side effects?

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51
Q

Inhibits Na/K-ATPase leading to increase intracellular sodium (hypersensitive neurons) and calcium (increased contractility). Predominately stimulates vagal tone (decrease AV conductivity, decrease HR).

A

Digoxin mechanism of action?

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52
Q

CHF, atrial fibrillation, SVT.

A

Digoxin uses?

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53
Q

{{Cholinergic effects (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, blurry yellow vision)}}. Increases PR interval, decrease QT interval, scooping, {{T-wave inversion}}, ventricular arrhythmia. Causes hyperkalemia. Increased toxicity with hypokalemia, renal failure, and quinidine/verapamil. In overdose first treat the hyperkalemia, then use digoxin-Fab, then magnesium.

A

Digoxin side effects?

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54
Q

Recombinant B-type natriuertic peptide. {{Vasodilates}} (increases cGMP).

A

Nesiritide mechanism of action?

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55
Q

Acute decompensated heart failure.

A

Nesiritide uses?

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56
Q

Hypotension.

A

Nesiritide side effects?

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57
Q

Class Ia antiarrhythmic. Inhibits OPEN voltage gated sodium channels. Inhibits voltaged gated potassium channels (increases QT interval, AP duration, and ERP).

A

Quinidine mechanism of action?

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58
Q

Atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, especially SVT and ventricular tachycardia.

A

Quinidine uses?

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59
Q

Increases QT interval {{(torsades)}}. Cinchonism - {{headache, tinnitus, visual disturbances,}} constipation or diarrhea). Increased heart rate and hypotension (muscarinic, alpha antagonist). Increased toxicity with hyperkalemia. Increases toxicity of digoxin by displacing from tissue-binding sites.

A

Quinidine side effects?

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60
Q

Class Ia antiarrhythmic. Inhibits OPEN voltage gated sodium channels. Inhibits voltaged gated potassium channels (increases QT interval, AP duration, and ERP).

A

Procainamide mechanism of action?

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61
Q

Atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, especially SVT and ventricular tachycardia.

A

Procainamide uses?

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62
Q

{{Thrombocyptopenia, torsades de pointes }}(increased QT), drug induced SLE (hematotoxic). Increased toxicity with hyperkalemia.

A

Procainamide side effects?

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63
Q

Class Ia antiarrhythmic. Inhibits OPEN voltage gated sodium channels. Inhibits voltaged gated potassium channels (increases QT interval, AP duration, and ERP).

A

Disopyramide mechanism of action?

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64
Q

Atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, especially SVT and ventricular tachycardia.

A

Disopyramide uses?

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65
Q

{{Thrombocyptopenia, torsades de pointes}} (increased QT). Increased toxicity with hyperkalemia.

A

Disopyramide side effects?

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66
Q

Class Ib antiarrhythmic. Inhibits {{INACTIVE}} voltage gated sodium channels {{(targets ISCHEMIC tissue)}}. Activates voltage gated potassium channels (shortens AP, ERP).

A

Phenytoin mechanism of action?

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67
Q

Acute ventricular arrhytmias (post-MI) and digitalis-induced arrhythmias.

A

Phenytoin uses?

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68
Q

Class Ib antiarrhythmic. Inhibits INACTIVE voltage gated sodium channels (targets ISCHEMIC tissue). Shortens AP, ERP.

A

Lidocaine mechanism of action?

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69
Q

Acute ventricular arrhytmias (post-MI) and digitalis-induced arrhythmias.

A

Lidocaine uses?

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70
Q

CNS stimulation/depression, cardiovascular depression. Increased toxicitiy with hyperkalemia.

A

Lidocaine side effects?

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71
Q

Class Ib antiarrhythmic. Inhibits INACTIVE voltage gated sodium channels (targets ISCHEMIC tissue). Shortens AP, ERP.

A

Mexiletine mechanism of action?

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72
Q

Acute ventricular arrhytmias (post-MI) and digitalis-induced arrhythmias.

A

Mexiletine uses?

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73
Q

CNS stimulation/depression, cardiovascular depression. Increased toxicitiy with hyperkalemia.

A

Mexiletine side effects?

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74
Q

Class Ib antiarrhythmic. Inhibits INACTIVE voltage gated sodium channels (targets ISCHEMIC tissue). Shortens AP, ERP.

A

Tocainide mechanism of action?

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75
Q

Acute ventricular arrhytmias (post-MI) and digitalis-induced arrhythmias.

A

Tocainide uses?

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76
Q

CNS stimulation/depression, cardiovascular depression. Increased toxicitiy with hyperkalemia.

A

Tocainide side effects?

77
Q

Class Ic antiarrhythmic Inhibits both open and closed voltage gated sodium channels. No effect on AP, ERP.

A

Flecanide mechanism of action?

78
Q

Ventricular tachycardia, SVT.

A

Flecanide uses?

79
Q

Proarrhythmic; {{contraindicated post MI}}. Significantly prolongs refractory period in AV node. Increased toxicitiy with hyperkalemia.

A

Flecanide side effects?

80
Q

Class Ic antiarrhythmic Inhibits both open and closed voltage gated sodium channels. No effect on AP, ERP.

A

Propafenone mechanism of action?

81
Q

Ventricular tachycardia, SVT.

A

Propafenone uses?

82
Q

Proarrhythmic; contraindicated post MI. Significantly prolongs refractory period in AV node. Increased toxicitiy with hyperkalemia.

A

Propafenone side effects?

83
Q

Non-selective beta adrenergic antagonist. Increases PR interval, decreases slope of phase 4 in AV/SA node. Decreases renin release.

A

Propranolol mechanism of action?

84
Q

Ventricular tachycardia, SVT, slowing ventricular rate during atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. {{Antihypertensive post MI/angina.}}

A

Propranolol uses?

85
Q

Treat overdose with glucagon. {{Impotence, exacerbation of asthma, CNS}}, cardiovascular effects (bradycardia, AV block, CHF), {{CNS effects (depression, sleep alterations}}). May mask signs of hypoglycemia.

A

Propranolol side effects?

86
Q

Beta-1 selective adrenergic antagonist. Very short acting. Increases PR interval, decreases slope of phase 4 in AV/SA node.

A

Esmolol mechanism of action?

87
Q

Ventricular tachycardia, {{ACUTE SVT}}, slowing ventricular rate during atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. Antihypertensive post MI/angina.

A

Esmolol uses?

88
Q

Treat overdose with glucagon.{{ Impotence, NO AIRWAY, CNS}} cardiovascular effects (bradycardia, AV block, CHF), CNS effects (depression, sleep alterations). May mask signs of hypoglycemia.

A

Esmolol side effects?

89
Q

Beta-1 selective adrenergic antagonist. Increases PR interval, decreases slope of phase 4 in SA/AV node. Decreases renin release.

A

Metoprolol, atenolol, timolol, acebutolol mechanism of action?

90
Q

Ventricular tachycardia, SVT, slowing ventricular rate during atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. Antihypertensive post MI/angina.

A

Metoprolol, atenolol, timolol, acebutolol uses?

91
Q

Treat overdose with glucagon. {{Impotence, NO airway, CNS,}} cardiovascular effects (bradycardia, AV block, CHF), CNS effects (depression, sleep alterations). May mask signs of hypoglycemia. Dyslipidemia (increase LDLs and TGs).

A

Metoprolol, atenolol, timolol, acebutolol side effects?

92
Q

Beta-1 adrenergic antagonist. Blocks voltage-gated potassium channels. Increases AP, ERP. Increases QT interval.

A

Sotalol mechanism of action?

93
Q

Torsades de pointes.

A

Sotalol side effects?

94
Q

Blocks voltage-gated potassium channels. Increases AP, ERP. Increases QT interval.

A

Ibutilide mechanism of action?

95
Q

Torsades de pointes.

A

Ibutilide side effects?

96
Q

Blocks voltage-gated potassium channels. Increases AP, ERP. Increases QT interval.

A

Bretylium mechanism of action?

97
Q

Not associated with torsades de pointes.

A

Bretylium side effects?

98
Q

Blocks voltage-gated potassium channels. Increases AP, ERP. Increases QT interval.

A

Amiodarone mechanism of action?

99
Q

Any arrhythmias. Extremely long half life (80 days).

A

Amiodarone uses?

100
Q

{{Doesn’t increase risk of torsades de pointes.}} {{Pulmonary fibrosis}}, hepatotoxicity, {{hypothyroidism/hyperthyroidism, corneal deposits, blue/gray skin deposits}} resulting in photodermatitis, neurological effects, constipation, bradycardia/heart block/CHF.

A

Amiodarone side effects?

101
Q

Blocks voltage-gated potassium channels. Increases AP, ERP. Increases QT interval.

A

Dofetilide mechanism of action?

102
Q

Torsades de pointes.

A

Dofetilide side effects?

103
Q

Increaes potassium efflux, hyperpolarizing the cell. Causes G(i)-coupled decrease in cAMP. Decreases SA/AV nodal activity.

A

Adenosine mechanism of action?

104
Q

Drug of choice for paroxysmal SVT.

A

Adenosine uses?

105
Q

Flushing, hypotension, chest pain, bronchospasm/dyspnea. Effects blocked by theophylline/caffeine.

A

Adenosine side effects?

106
Q

Decreases neuron excitability.

A

Magnesium mechanism of action?

107
Q

Digoxin toxicity, torsades de pointes.

A

Magnesium uses?

108
Q

Inhibits ACE, reducing levels of A-II and preventing inactivation of bradykinin (vasodilation). Increased renin release.

A

Captopril (-pril) mechanism of action?

109
Q

Hypertension with CHF or diabetic renal disease. Prevents unfavorable heart remodeling as a result of chronic hypertension (increases survival).

A

Captopril (-pril) uses?

110
Q

{{Cough, angioedema,}} proteinuria, {{taste changes,}} hypotension, rash, increased renin, hyperkalemia. {{Contraindicate with pregnancy (fetal renal damage)}} and bilateral renal stenosis (causes decrease in GFR by preventing constriction of efferent arterioles leading to increased creatinine).

A

Captopril (-pril) side effects?

111
Q

Angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist.

A

Losartan (-sartan) mechanism of action?

112
Q

Hypertension with CHF or diabetic renal disease. Prevents unfavorable heart remodeling as a result of chronic hypertension (increases survival).

A

Losartan (-sartan) uses?

113
Q

{{NO COUGH OR ANGIOEDEMA}}. Proteinuria, {{taste changes, hypotension, rash, increased renin, hyperkalemia***}}. {{Contraindicate with pregnancy}} (fetal renal damage) and bilateral renal stenosis (causes decrease in GFR by preventing constriction of efferent arterioles leading to increased creatinine).

A

Losartan (-sartan) side effects?

114
Q

Inhibits NaKCC of the TAL. Abolishes hypertonicity of medulla, preventing concentration of urine. Stimulates PGE release (vasodilation of afferent arteriole); inhibited by NSAIDs.

A

Furosemide, torsemide mechanism of action?

115
Q

Edematous states (CHF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, pulmonary edema), hypertension, hypercalcemia.

A

Furosemide, torsemide uses?

116
Q

{{Ototoxicity, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis}}, dehydration,{{ sulfa allergy}}, interstitial nephritis, {{hyperuricemia (gout)}}, hypocalcemia/hypomagnesemia.

A

Furosemide, torsemide side effects?

117
Q

Inhibits NaKCC of the TAL. Abolishes hypertonicity of medulla, preventing concentration of urine. Stimulates PGE release (vasodilation of afferent arteriole); inhibited by NSAIDs.

A

Ethacrynic acid mechanism of action?

118
Q

Diuresis in patients allergic to sulfa drugs.

A

Ethacrynic acid uses?

119
Q

{{NO SULFA ALLERGY, can be used with gout.}} Otoxoticity (more toxic than furosemide), hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, dehydration, nephritis, hypocalcemia/hypomagnesemia.

A

Ethacrynic acid side effects?

120
Q

{{Inhibits NaCl reabsorption in the early distal tubule. Opens ATP-dependent K+ channel}} (beta islet cells, arterioles).

A

Hydrochlorothiazide, indapamide, metolazone mechanism of action?

121
Q

Hypertension, CHF, idiopathic hypercalcinuria (nephrolithiasis), nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. DON’T USE IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2.

A

Hydrochlorothiazide, indapamide, metolazone uses?

122
Q

{{HYPOkalemic metabolic alkalosis, HYPOnatremia,}} {{HYPERglycemia (inhibits insulin release), HYPERlipidemia (LDL, cholesterol), HYPERuricemia, and HYPERcalcemia. Sulfa allergy.}}

A

Hydrochlorothiazide, indapamide, metolazone side effects?

123
Q

Aldosterone antagonist on principle cells of the cortical collecting tubule. Potassium sparing diuretic.

A

Spironlactone mechanism of action?

124
Q

Hyperaldosteronism (Conn’s syndrome), reverses hypokalemia, CHF. Slows cardiac remodeling. Anti-androgen (for acne, hirsutism).

A

Spironlactone uses?

125
Q

{{Hyperkalemic metabolic acidosis. Gynectomastia (anti-androgen effects).}}

A

Spironlactone side effects?

126
Q

Selective aldosterone antagonist on principle cells of the cortical collecting tubule. Potassium sparing diuretic.

A

Eplerenone mechanism of action?

127
Q

Hyperaldosteronism (Conn’s syndrome), reverses hypokalemia, CHF. Slows cardiac remodeling.

A

Eplerenone uses?

128
Q

{{Hyperkalemic metabolic acidosis. No anti-androgen effects.}}

A

Eplerenone side effects?

129
Q

{{Block sodium channels in the cortical collecting tubule}}. Potassium sparing diuretic.

A

Triamterene mechanism of action?

130
Q

Reverses hypokalemia, CHF, {{lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.}}

A

Triamterene uses?

131
Q

Hyperkalemic metabolic acidosis. No gynecomastia

A

Triamterene side effects?

132
Q

{{Block sodium channels in the cortical collecting tubule}}. Potassium sparing diuretic.

A

Amiloride mechanism of action?

133
Q

Reverses hypokalemia, CHF, lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

A

Amiloride uses?

134
Q

Hyperkalemic metabolic acidosis.

A

Amiloride side effects?

135
Q

Direct renin inhibitor.

A

Aliskiren mechanism of action?

136
Q

Hypertension with CHF or diabetic renal disease. Prevents unfavorable heart remodeling as a result of chronic hypertension (increases survival).

A

Aliskiren uses?

137
Q

Hyperkalemia. {{No cough or edema. Contraindicate with renal artery stenosis.{{

A

Aliskiren side effects?

138
Q

Digoxin toxicity

A

anti-digoxin Fab fragments uses?

139
Q

Inhibits platelet aggregation by irreversibly {{blocking ADP receptors}}. Inhibits fibrinogen by binding and {{preventing glycoprotein IIb/IIIa expression.}}

A

Clopidogrel, parsugrel, ticagrelor mechanism of action?

140
Q

Acute coronary syndrome; coronary stenting. Decreased incidence or recurrence of thrombotic stroke.

A

Clopidogrel, parsugrel, ticagrelor uses?

141
Q

Neutropenia, acute thrombocytopenic purpura.

A

Clopidogrel, parsugrel, ticagrelor side effects?

142
Q

Inhibits platelet aggregation by irreversibly blocking ADP receptors. Inhibits fibrinogen by binding and preventing glycoprotein Iib/IIIa expression.

A

Ticlopidine mechanism of action?

143
Q

Acute coronary syndrome; coronary stenting. Decreased incidence or recurrence of thrombotic stroke.

A

Ticlopidine uses?

144
Q

Neutropenia, acute thrombocytopenic purpura.

A

Ticlopidine side effects?

145
Q

{{Phosphodiesterase III inhibito}}r; increases cAMP in platelets thus inhibiting platelet aggregation. Vasodilator.

A

Cilostazol mechanism of action?

146
Q

Peripheral artery disease. Intermittent claudication, coronary vasodilation, prevention of stroke or TIAs (combined with aspirin), angina prophylaxis.

A

Cilostazol uses?

147
Q

Nausea, headache, facial flushing, hypotension, abdominal pain.

A

Cilostazol side effects?

148
Q

Phosphodiesterase III inhibitor; increases cAMP in platelets thus inhibiting platelet aggregation. Vasodilator. Thromboxane synthase inhibitor.

A

Dipyridamole mechanism of action?

149
Q

Peripheral artery disease. Intermittent claudication, coronary vasodilation, prevention of stroke or TIAs (combined with aspirin), angina prophylaxis.

A

Dipyridamole uses?

150
Q

Nausea, headache, facial flushing, hypotension, abdominal pain.

A

Dipyridamole side effects?

151
Q

Monoclonal antibody that binds to the{{ glycoprotein receptor IIb/IIIa }}on activated platelets, preventing aggregation.

A

Abciximab mechanism of action?

152
Q

Acute coronary syndrome, percutaneous transulminal coronary angioplasty.

A

Abciximab uses?

153
Q

Bleeding, thrombocytopenia.

A

Abciximab side effects?

154
Q

{{Glycoprotein receptor IIb/IIIa antagonist}} on activated platelets, preventing aggregation.

A

Eptifibatide mechanism of action?

155
Q

Acute coronary syndrome, percutaneous transulminal coronary angioplasty.

A

Eptifibatide uses?

156
Q

Bleeding, thrombocytopenia.

A

Eptifibatide side effects?

157
Q

Glycoprotein receptor IIb/IIIa antagonist on activated platelets, preventing aggregation.

A

Tirofiban mechanism of action?

158
Q

Acute coronary syndrome, percutaneous transulminal coronary angioplasty.

A

Tirofiban uses?

159
Q

Bleeding, thrombocytopenia.

A

Tirofiban side effects?

160
Q

{{Converts both clot bound and free blood plasminogen to plasmin, which cleaves thrombin and fibrin clots. CLOT BUSTER!!}}Increase PT, PTT, but no effect on platelet count.

A

Streptokinase, urokinase mechanism of action?

161
Q

{{Early MI, DVT. NEVER USE IN STROKE.}}

A

Streptokinase, urokinase uses?

162
Q

{{Hypersensitivity (immunogenic)}}. Bleeding. {{Contraindicated in patients with active bleeding, history of intracranial bleeding, recent surgery}}, known bleeding diatheses, or severe hypertension. Treat toxicity with aminocaproic acid.

A

Streptokinase, urokinase side effects?

163
Q

Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). CLOT BUSTER! Clot specific. Directly or indirectly {{aid conversion of plasminogen to plasmin,}} which cleaves thrombin and fibrin clots. Increase PT, PTT, but no effect on platelet count.

A

Alteplase mechanism of action?

164
Q

Early MI, early ischemic stroke.

A

Alteplase uses?

165
Q

No hypersensitivity. Bleeding. {{Contraindicated in patients with active bleeding, history of intracranial bleeding, recent surgery, known bleeding diatheses, or severe hypertension. }}Treat toxicity with aminocaproic acid.

A

Alteplase side effects?

166
Q

{{aid conversion of plasminogen to plasmin…CLOT BUSTER}}, which cleaves thrombin and fibrin clots. Increase PT, PTT, but no effect on platelet count.

A

APSAC (anistreplase) mechanism of action?

167
Q

Early MI, early ischemic stroke.

A

APSAC (anistreplase) uses?

168
Q

Bleeding. Contraindicated in patients with active bleeding, history of intracranial bleeding, recent surgery, known bleeding diatheses, or severe hypertension. Treat toxicity with aminocaproic acid.

A

APSAC (anistreplase) side effects?

169
Q

Positively charged molecule that binds negatively charged heparin.

A

Protamine sulfate mechanism of action?

170
Q

Rapid antidote to heparin toxicity.

A

Protamine sulfate uses?

171
Q

{{Low-molecular-weight heparin. Acts more on factor Xa}}. Better bioavailability, longer half life.

A

Enoxaparin, fondaparinux mechanism of action?

172
Q

Not easily reversible. Doesn’t need lab monitoring (doesn’t affect PTT). Less likely to cause HIT.

A

Enoxaparin, fondaparinux side effects?

173
Q

Cofactor for the {{activaiton of antithrombin III,}}{{ decreases thrombin (IIa), decreases factor Xa}}. Also IXa and XIIa. Short half life. Works in blood. Rapid onset. Works in vitro.

A

Heparin mechanism of action?

174
Q

Immediate anticoagulation for pulmonary embolism, stroke, acute coronary syndrome, MI, DVT. May be used during pregnancy (unlike warfarin). Water soluble (must give IV, short half life).

A

Heparin uses?

175
Q

{{Must monitor PTT}}. Bleeding, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, osteoporosis, drug-drug interactions. Treat overdose with protamine sulfate.

A

Heparin side effects?

176
Q

Interferes with vitamin K synthesis (gamma-carboxylation), thus decreases factors II, VII, IX, X, protein C and S. Works on the liver. Slow onset. Only works in vivo.

A

Warfarin (coumadin) mechanism of action?

177
Q

Chronnic anticoagulation therpay (DVT, post STEMI). Don’t use in pregnant women. Lipid soluble (give orally, long half life).

A

Warfarin (coumadin) uses?

178
Q

{{Must monitor PT/INR.}} Bleeding, {{teratogenic (bone disruption}}), skin/tissue necrosis (with protein C and S deficiency), drug-drug interactions. Treat overdose with fresh frozen plasma (for immediate recovery) or vitamin K (gradual). Increased toxiicity with sulfonamides, sulfonylureas, NSAIDs. Decreased absorption with cholestyramine.

A

Warfarin (coumadin) side effects?

179
Q

Direct thrombin inhibitor; hirudin derivative.

A

Lepirudin, bivalirudin mechanism of action?

180
Q

Used as an alternative to heparin for anticoagulating in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Used in unstable angina prior to percutaneous fibrinolysis.

A

Lepirudin, bivalirudin uses?

181
Q

Doesn’t cause HIT.

A

Lepirudin, bivalirudin side effects?

182
Q

Epsilon-aminocaproic acid

A

EACA mechanism of action?

183
Q

Treats thrombolytic (alteplase) toxicity.

A

EACA uses?

184
Q

Direct thrombin inhibitor; (blocks factor IIa). Prevents fibrin formation.

A

Argatroban, dabigatran mechanism of action?

185
Q

Doesn’t cause HIT.

A

Argatroban, dabigatran side effects?

186
Q

Treats thrombolytic (alteplase) toxicity.

A

Tranexamic acid uses?

187
Q

Oral factor Xa inhibitor.

A

Rivaroxaban mechanism of action?

188
Q

Phosphodiesterase inhibitor (increases cAMP), thus increasing inotropy and decreasing TPR.

A

Milrinone, inamrinone mechanism of action?

189
Q

Congestive heart failure. Override beta-blockers.

A

Milrinone, inamrinone uses?

Cardio First Aid USMLE Step 1 (8 decks)

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