Heart II

Question 1

Where does primative heart devleop

Answer 1

inside pericardial cavity

Question 2

what is the time frame of heart development

Answer 2

angioblastic cords develop at 4 weeks. complete by 8

Question 3

Endocardial tubes form what 3 layers

Answer 3

• epicardium/visceral percardium
• cardiac jelly (which will form AV valves)
• myocardium in between

Question 4

Folding in the fetal heart

Answer 4

1) inflow is inferior and outflow is superior
2) aortic arches develop with pharygeal arches
3) dorsal aortae (two) start off and eventually fuse on left side
4) primary ventricle outgrows rest of heart and body and creates a bend
5) results in inflow superiorly and posteriorly and outflow in front

Question 5

sinus venosus

Answer 5

location to inflow of blood

Question 6

primative atria

Answer 6

collecting place for blood before it flows into primative ventricle

Question 7

primative ventricle

Answer 7

sends blood to bulbus cordis

Question 8

bulis cordis

Answer 8

beginning of outflow

Question 9

truncus artersus

Answer 9

single artery out of fetal heart

Question 10

aortic sac

Answer 10

forms aoric arch in adult heart

Question 11

Where does blood flow come from in fetal heart

Answer 11

-vitelline (yolk sac)
umbilical
cardinal veins

Question 12

what does the bulbus cordisis become

Answer 12

conus arteriousus and aortic vestible

Question 13

bulboventricular loop

Answer 13

between bulbosis cordis and primative ventricle. this brings inflow to back of heart

Question 14

what is the main drain vein of the fetal heart

Answer 14

sinus venosus.

Question 15

semilunar valves

Answer 15

begin between the bulbus cordis and truncus arternosis as bulbar riges. as blood begins to flow it hollows out to make valves

Question 16

AV valve

Answer 16

-proliferation of endocardial cushions surround the AV canals
3 cusps on right side
2 cusps on left side
begins as cardiac jelly and forms between the primitive atria and venticle

Question 17

what is the story of 2 walls and 2 holes

Answer 17

partition of primative atrium

Question 18

septum primum

Answer 18

closes opening between common atrium

Question 19

septum secundum

Answer 19

grows to the right of septum primum. allow shut to get blood flow from right to left side of atria

Question 20

foramen ovale

Answer 20

made from the septum primum and septum secundum

Question 21

cista terminalis

Answer 21

fusion of right horn of sinus venosus and right side of primative atria

Question 22

what is the rough appearance on anterior wall of adult right atrium

Answer 22

pectinate muscles

Question 23

why is there a smooth appearance on posterior wall of adult right artium

Answer 23

comes from sinus venanum

Question 24

which is left atrium smooth

Answer 24

incorporations of original pulmonary vein

Question 25

aorticopulmonary septum

Answer 25

divides truncus arteriosus into aorta and pulmonary trunk

Question 26

where does membranous portion of IV septum come from

Answer 26

tissue off right side of endocardial cushion and aorticopulmonary septum

Question 27

how does the muscular portion of the IV septum grow

Answer 27

superiorly

Question 28

how does the membranous portion of the IV septum grow

Answer 28

inferiorly

Question 29

growth of muscular IV eptum causes what

Answer 29

blood to swirl

Question 30

bulbar ridges form what

Answer 30

from swelling in walls of bulbus cordis

Question 31

what does truncal ridges form

Answer 31

swellings in wall of truncus arterous

Question 32

when bulbar and truncal ridges unite what do they form

Answer 32

a superior to inferior direction towards muscular portion of IV septum

Question 33

formation of outflow tracts

Answer 33

fusion of aorticopulmonary septum with the musculara portion of IV septum. Requires endocardal cushions

Question 34

Probe patent fossa ovalis

Answer 34

septum secundum does not fuse properly

Question 35

primum type ASD

Answer 35

septum primum never descended. lead to common atrium. has to be fixed surgerily

Question 36

secundum type asd

Answer 36

septum secundum never descended/closed over foramen secum. may need to be surgically fixed

Question 37

venticular septal defects

Answer 37

more clinically significant than ASDs.
occur in membranous part of septum
causes blood to travel back into right ventricle
blue baby

Question 38

persistant trureus arteries

Answer 38

aoritcopulmonary septum does not descent. get VSD

Question 39

transposition of great vessels

Answer 39

aorta connects to right ventricle, instead of left
pulmonary trunk connects to left ventricle instead of right
happens because of defective spirallying of vessels during development
leads to transposition, VSD, and reversed blood flow

Question 40

pulmonary stenosis

Answer 40

narrowing of diameter of pulmonary trunk

Question 41

tetralogy of fallot

Answer 41

pulmonic stenosis and small pulmonary trunk
overriding aorta
hypertrophy of right ventricle
VSD