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CRRAB Week 2 > Heart Histology > Flashcards

Heart Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What are four important topics in the histology of the heart?

A
  1. Layers (3)
  2. Impulse conducting system
  3. Cardiac skeleton
  4. Heart valves
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2
Q

What are the three layers of the heart?

A
  1. Endocardium
  2. Myocardium
  3. Epicardium
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3
Q

What is contained within the endocardium?

A

Endothelium & Elastic muscular layer

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4
Q

What is contained in the epicardium?

A
  • Vessels, nerves, fat

- Mesothelium

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5
Q

What is the Endocardium?

A
  • Inner lining of the heart
  • Continuous with tunica intima of blood vessels
  • Components:
  • -Endothelium
  • Subendothelial connective tissue
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6
Q

What is the myocardium?

A
  • Middle & thickest layer of heart
  • Cardiac muscle cells arranged in complex spirals
  • -Endomysium between adjacent cells
  • –Contains numerous capillaries & lymphatics
  • Specialized cardiac muscle cells
  • -Attachment to cardiac skeleton
  • -Endocrine secretions
  • -Impulse generation & conduction
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7
Q

What is the Inner fibrous layer of the Epicardium?

A
  • -Loose connective tissue
  • -Fat
  • -Nerve fibers
  • -Arteries & veins (e.g., coronary vessels)
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8
Q

What is the Outer Serous layer of the Epicardium?

A
  • Outer serous layer = visceral layer of pericardium
  • -Simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium)
  • -Reflected back at roots of major vessels to form parietal layer of pericardium
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9
Q

Where is the Pericardial Sac?

A

Between parietal & visceral layers of pericardium

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10
Q

What is pericarditis?

A

Inflammation of pericardial sac

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11
Q

What is the impulse conducting system of the heart?

A
  • Modified cardiac muscle cells
  • Coordinate heart beat
  • Components:
  • -Sinoatrial (SA) node
  • -Atrioventricular node (AV) node
  • -Atrioventricular bundle (AV bundle or bundle of His)
  • -Purkinje fibers
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12
Q

What is the Sino (SA) Node?

A
  • Pacemaker of heart
  • Wall of superior vena cava adjacent to junction with right atrium
  • Small mass of specialized cardiac muscle cells
  • Its own arterial supply
  • Nodal cells depolarize spontaneously
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13
Q

What is the nerve supply of the Sino (SA) Node?

A

Receives both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve supplies

  • -Sympathetics – accelerate heart rate
    • Parasympathetics – decelerate heart rate
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14
Q

Where is the Atrioventricular (AV) node? What supplies it?

A
  • Interarterial septum near opening of coronary sinus
  • Its own arterial and autonomic nerve supply
  • Similar to SA node in structure
  • Next part of the conducting system to depolarize
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15
Q

How is impulse sent through the Atrioventricular (AV) node?

A
  • Next part after SA node to depolarize
  • Impulse momentarily delayed by nodal cells
  • Impulse then conducted to ventricles via the AV bundle (Bundle of His)
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16
Q

What is the Atrioventricular Bundle?

A

AV Bundle or Bundle of His

  • Conduction pathway that leads from AV node to the inter ventricular septum
  • Within interventricular septum it divides into left and right branches
  • -Branches become distinct Purkinje fibers about halfway down interventricular septum
17
Q

What are Purkinje Fibers?

A
  • Specialized cardiac muscle cells
  • Supply papillary muscles of heart
  • Run down septum and up lateral walls of heart
  • Depolarization causes contractions:
  • -Papillary muscles
  • -Ventricular contractions starting at apex
18
Q

What is the cardiac skeleton?

A
  • Dense connective tissue into which cardiac muscle cells and valves insert
  • Four valve rings are joined together:
  • Atria and arterial trunks attach to superior surface
  • Ventricles and atrioventricular valve leaflets attach to its inferior surface
19
Q

What are valves?

A
  • Formed by the endocardium

- Endothelial surface with a dense fibroelastic connective tissue core

CRRAB Week 2 (9 decks)

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