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Anatomy final 6512 > Heart- gross > Flashcards

Heart- gross Flashcards

1
Q

Know the heart, inside and out.

A

Deal

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2
Q

What does the ligamentum arteriosum connect?

A

The left pulmonary artery and arch of the aorta

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3
Q

Where does the ligamentum arteriosum come from?

A

It is a remnant of the fetal ductus arteriosus

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4
Q

What is the flow of blood into the heart and out to the body?

A

Into SVC, IVC and coronary– Right Atrium–Right ventricle–Pulmonary trunk–Pulmonary arteries–lungs–pulmonary veins– Left atrium–Left ventricle–Aorta–out to body

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5
Q

Just know the anatomy of the heart

A

ok

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6
Q

How do heart valves work?

A

Blood fills atria, putting pressure against atrioventricular valves and then they’re forced open.
As ventricles fill atrioventricular valves hang limply into ventricles, then the atria contract, forcing the remainder of the blood into the ventricles
Then ventricles contract, forcing blood against atrioventricular valve cusps, forcing them close
Then the papillary muscles contract and chordae tendinaea tighten, preventing valve flaps from everting into atria.
As ventricles contract and intraventricular pressure rises, blood is pushed against semilunar valves, forcing them open.
As ventricles relax and intraventricular pressure falls, blood flows back from the arteries, filling the cusps of semilunar valves and forcing them to close

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7
Q

What are the two types of valve problems?

A

Incompetence

Stenosis

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8
Q

Just know the heart anatomy inside and out

A

okay

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9
Q

The auscultation points correspond with what?

A

The different valves

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10
Q

What does the heart have to ensure blood supply and drainage of the heart even if major vessels are occluded?

A

Collateral routes

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11
Q

The coronary sinus opens into where?

A

The right atrium

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12
Q

The coronary sinus runs within what?

A

The coronary sulcus

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13
Q

What contributes to the coronary sinus?

A

Great, middle, and small cardiac veins

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14
Q

What does the great cardiac vein travel with and where does it empty to?

A

travels with the anterior IV artery in the anterior IV sulcus and empties into the coronary sinus posteriorly

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15
Q

The anterior cardiac veins pass superficial/deep to the right coronary artery.

A

superficial

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16
Q

Where do the anterior cardiac veins empty into?

A

directly into the right atrium, not the coronary sinus

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17
Q

What are the branches of the right coronary artery?

A

Right marginal branch
Posterior IV artery (terminal branch)
Anterior Right atrial branch- sinuatrial nodal branch

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18
Q

The left coronary artery immediately divides into what two arteries?

A

Anterior interventricular artery

Circumflex artery- left marginal branch

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19
Q

T/F one coronary artery is often more dominant than the other one?

A

Truth!

20
Q

The dominant coronary artery gives off what?

A

The posterior IV artery

21
Q

The right coronary artery is dominant ___% of the time

A

65%

22
Q

The left coronary artery is dominant __% of the time.

A

15%

23
Q

There is a balanced arterial pattern ___% of the the time

A

20%

24
Q

Occlusion of a major coronary artery leads to inadequate oxygenation of an area of what and causes what?

A

area of the myocardium and causes cell death

25
Q

When does a heart attack occur?

A

when the perfusion to the myocardium is insufficient to meet the metabolic needs of the tissue

26
Q

If someone needs a coronary bypass, what vein is often used?

A

The great saphenous vein- harvested from the anterior/medial region of the thigh or leg

27
Q

What else can be used as a coronary bypass?

A

The internal thoracic or radial arteries

28
Q

T/F the heart has the ability to maintain its conduction system without CNS innervation?

A

True

29
Q

Does the ANS affect heartbeat rate?

A

yes

30
Q

Sympathetic innervation from what levels causes the heart rate to do what?

A

T1-T5 causes the heart rate to increase

31
Q

Parasympathetic innervation from what causes the heart rate to do what?

A

Vagus causes heart rate to decrease

32
Q

T/F both SNS and PNS contribute to both superficial and deep cardiac plexuses of nerves?

A

True

33
Q

The superficial cardiac plexus is found where?

A

around the arch of the aorta

34
Q

The deep cardiac plexus is found where?

A

it lies on and around the bifurcation of the trachea

35
Q

Which node is the pacemaker of the heart?

A

The sinoatrial node

36
Q

What does the SA node do?

A

It initiates and regulates impulses

37
Q

What is the result of damage to the intrinsic conduction system of the heart?

A

cardiac arrhythmias

38
Q

If the AV node is damaged, what happens?

A

Uncoordinated contractions- called heart block. A pacemaker can be inserted to control the contractions

39
Q

Tell me about the placement of a pacemaker.

A

Battery pack is placed subcutaneously below clavicle
Electrode is threaded down through the SVC to the right atrium, passed through the AV valve and into the right ventricle
The electrode terminal is firmly fixed to trabeculae carneae and placed in contact with endocardium of the ventricular wall

40
Q

What muscles connect via the chordae tendinae to the valves of the heart?

A

The papillary muscles

41
Q

The fossa ovalis used to be…?

A

foramen ovale

42
Q

T/F- The papillary muscles are specialization of the myocardium.

A

True

43
Q

What is the largest papillary muscle in the right ventricle?

A

The anterior papillary muscle

44
Q

The coronary sinus is located on what side of the heart?

A

The posterior side

45
Q

The right and left coronary arteries are found where and get their blood from what?

A

They are found just above the right and left aortic sinuses. They get their blood from the aorta as blood is pumped out through the body

46
Q

What is the roughened muscular wall of the wall of the atrium made of/called?

A

pectinate muscle

Anatomy final 6512 (7 decks)

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