Heart Failure Symptoms

Question 1

Symptoms of Heart Failure

Answer 1

Congestion
Fatigue
Dyspnea

Question 2

What causes Heart Failure

Answer 2

Decreased cardiac output unable to meet the body’s demand
- Caused by impairment of diastolic filling or systolic ejection

Question 3

Right Heart Failure

Answer 3

• Liver Congestion
• GI Congestion

Question 4

Left Heart Failure

Answer 4

• Pulmonary Congestion
• Decreased Cardiac Output

Question 5

Heart Failure Assessment

Answer 5

• Symptom Assessment
• Functional Assessment
• Fluid Assessment

Question 6

NYHA Classification

Answer 6

Class I

Class II

Class III

Class IV

Question 7

NYHA
- Class I

Answer 7

No limitation

No symptoms caused by physical activity

Question 8

NYHA
- Class II

Answer 8

Slight limitation caused by physical activity

Comfortable at rest

Ordinary physical activity causes symptoms

Question 9

NYHA
- Class III

Answer 9

Marked limitation of physical activity

Comfortable at rest

Less than normal activity causes symptoms

Question 10

NYHA
- Class IV

Answer 10

Severe limitation

Discomfort at rest

Symptoms present at rest

Question 11

What is Dyspnea

Answer 11

Sensation of difficult and uncomfortable breathing

Question 12

What is Orthopnea

Answer 12

Sensation of breathlessness when in recumbent position
- Relieved by standing or sitting

Ex. Sleeps in recliner

Question 13

What is Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea

Answer 13

PND
- Sensation of SOB that wakes up patient after 1-2 hours of sleeping
- Relieved after 10 mins in upright position

Ex. Gasping for air, chocking

Question 14

Orthopnea / PND
- Mechanism

Answer 14

1. Patient lies flat
2. Blood is redistributed from periphery to heart
3. Pulmonary cognestion
4. CNS is triggered
5. Orthopnea

Question 15

Lightheadness

Answer 15

Hypervolemia
- Absent

Hypovolemia
- Can be present

Question 16

Postual Vitals

Answer 16

Hypervolemia
- No change

Hypovolemia
- Drop in SBP, DBP
- Increased HR

Question 17

Jugular Venous Pressure

Answer 17

Hypervolemia
- Elevated

Hypovolemia
- Below SA

Question 18

Respiratory

Answer 18

Hypervolemia
- Crackles, SOB
- PND, Orthopnea

Hypovolemia
- None

Question 19

Cardiac

Answer 19

Hypervolemia
- S3 sounds

Hypovolemia
- None

Question 20

Abdomen

Answer 20

Hypervolemia
- Ascites, Bloating, Fullness

Hypovolemia
- None

Question 21

Urine Output

Answer 21

Hypervolemia
- No change / Increased / Decreased

Hypovolemia
- Decreased output

Question 22

Extremities

Answer 22

Hypervolemia
- Peripheral Edema

Hypovolemia
- None

Question 23

Labs

Answer 23

Hypervolemia
- Hyponatremia
- Increased SCr
- Increased BNP

Hypovolemia
- Hypo or Hypernatremia
- Increased SCr
- SCr / BUN ratio < 10

Question 24

Weight

Answer 24

Hypervolemia
- Increased

Hypovolemia
- Decreased