Question 1

AHA define HF as

Accepted Answer

a complex clinical syndrome that results from
structural or functional impairment of ventricular
filling or ejection of blood

leads to the cardinal clinical symptoms of dyspnea
and fatigue and signs of HF, namely edema and
rales.

Because many patients present without signs or
symptoms of volume overload, the term “heart
failure” is preferred over the older term
“congestive heart failure.”

Question 2

Stage A HF

Accepted Answer

at high risk for HG but without structural disease of symptoms HTN/Atherosclerotic disease/Diabetes/Obesity/Metabolic Syndrome

Question 3

Stage B HF

Accepted Answer

structure heart disease but without signs or symptoms of HF Previous MI/LV remodeling/LVH and low EF/asymptomatic valvular disease

Question 4

Stage C HF

Accepted Answer

structural heart disease with prior or current symptoms Known structural Heart Disease/ and SoB with fatigue/reduced exercise tolerance

Question 5

Stage D HF

Accepted Answer

Refractory HF requiring specialized intervention Pts with marked symptoms at rest despite maximal medical therapy

Question 6

NYHA class I

Accepted Answer

no limitations of physical activity. Ordinary physical activity does not cause undue breathlessness, fatigue, or palpitations

Question 7

NYHA class 2

Accepted Answer

Slight limitations of physical activity. Confortable at rest, but ordinary physical activity results in undue breathlessness, fatigue, or palpitations

Question 8

NYHA class 3

Accepted Answer

Marked limitations of physical activity. Comfortable at rest, but less than ordinary physical activity results in undue breathlessness, fatigue, or palpitations

Question 9

NYHA class 4

Accepted Answer

Unable to carry on any physical activity without discomfort. Symptoms at rest can be present. If any physical activity is undertaken, discomfort is increased

Question 10

how is diagnostics of HF made

Accepted Answer

thorough history and physical examination

Question 11

Diagnostic data for HF

Accepted Answer

``` CBC CMP Cardiac Enzymes UA BNP ``` echo with doppler and chest x-ray

Question 12

5 signs to look for in chest x-ray

Accepted Answer

``` alveolar oedema (bat's wings) prominent upper lobe vessels cardiomegaly pleural effusion Kerley b lines (interstitial edema) ```

Question 13

Major criteria

Accepted Answer

``` Paroxysmal nocturnal Dyspnea Orthopnea Elevated jugular venous pressure crepitations third heart sound radiological evidence of cardiomegaly radiological evidence of pulmonary edema ```

Question 14

Minor criteria

Accepted Answer

``` extermity edema night cough exterional dyspnea hepatomegaly pleural effusion HR >120 loss of 4.5kg in 5 days following diutetic treatment ```

Question 15

Osteopathic concern, parasympathetic

Accepted Answer

increased tone bradycardia vagal stimulation OA AA C2

Heart Failure High Yield Handout Flashcards