Heart Failure

Question 1

Definition?

Answer 1

Inadequate Cardiac Ouput

Question 2

Systolic Heart Failure?

Answer 2

Ventricles can’t contract enough, <40% EF.

Question 3

Diastolic Heart Failure?

Answer 3

Ventricles can’t fill fast enough, >50% EF.

Question 4

Distinguishing Signs of LV failure?

Answer 4

Dyspnoea, Orthpnoea, PND + pinky frothy sputum

Question 5

Signs of RV failure?

Answer 5

Bilateral Oedema, Nausea, Anorexia + Ascites

Question 6

Define Congestive Heart Failure?

Answer 6

Combined RV + LV failure

Question 7

Assessment for Heart Failure?

Answer 7

1) History + Examination
2) ECG
3) BNP + Bloods (FBC, U+E, lipids, LFTs, Thyroid etc.)
4) Echo + CXR

Question 8

Managing Heart Failure?

Answer 8

1) Treat underlying cause
2) Treat exacerbating factors
3) Avoid further exacerbation

Question 9

Medication for Heart Failure?

Answer 9

Loop Diuretics, ACE-i, beta blockers, digoxin, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, vasodilators

Question 10

Examination Signs?

Answer 10

Hypotension, Parasternal heaves, Displaced Apex Beat, Murmurs

Question 11

New York Staging?

Answer 11

1) CV disease with no dyspnoea
2) Dyspnoea on daily activities
3) Dyspnoea on minor exertion
4) Dyspnoea at rest